y OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN BIOLOGY 06 1996 BOTANICAL SERIES FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893 VOLUME XIII FLORA OF PERU PART VI BY J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE ASSISTANT CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY B. E. DAHLGREN CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY EDITOR PUBLICATION 364 S NATURAL HISTORY CHICAGO, U.S.A SEPTEMBER 18, 1W TV,p nerson charging this material is re- Ip h ons P iblefor its rlt/rn to the Hbragrfrom which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. the University. L161 0-1096 BOTANICAL SERIES FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893 VOLUME XIII FLORA OF PERU PART VI THE uBRARY OF THE OCTS-1936 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS BY J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE ASSISTANT CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY B. E. DAHLGREN CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY EDITOR PUBLICATION 364 CHICAGO, U.S.A. SEPTEMBER 18, 1936 PRINTKD IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS FLORA OF PERU J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE RUBIACEAE. Coffee Family By Paul C. Standley Trees, shrubs, or herbs with stipules; leaves opposite or verticillate, entire or rarely pinnatifid; flowers small or large and showy, perfect or rarely unisexual, usually regular; calyx tube adnate to the ovary (hypanthium), the limb of the calyx usually dentate or lobate, one or more of the lobes occasionally enlarged and foliaceous; corolla gamopetalous, variable in form; stamens as many as the corolla lobes, inserted commonly in the tube or throat of the corolla, the anthers 2-celled; ovary 1-10-celled, inferior; fruit 1-10-celled, usually baccate, drupaceous, or capsular; seeds 1 to many, small or large, often winged. The family is represented generously in most tropical regions, and it is one of the largest of the Peruvian flora. Most of the Peru- vian plants of the family are confined to the eastern slopes of the Andes. Those occurring in the temperate regions belong chiefly to the genera Galium, Relbunium, and Arcytophyllum. Key to the Tribes Ovary with 3 or more ovules in each cell. Fruit dry. Flowers in very dense, globose heads. Plants armed with hooked spines, more or less scandent, woody . . I. Naudeeae. Flowers not in dense globose heads. Seeds winged, vertically imbricate II. Cinchoneae. Seeds not winged or, if winged, horizontal. Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted, never valvate. IV. Rondeletieae. Corolla lobes valvate. Seeds horizontal; stipules entire or bifid; trees or large shrubs III. Condamineae. Seeds peltately attached; stipules often fimbriate; plants commonly herbs or low shrubs V. Hedyotideae. 3 4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Fruit fleshy. Corolla lobes valvate in bud VI. Mussaendeae. Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted in bud. Seeds many, minute, pitted or rarely tuberculate. VII. Hamelieae. Seeds usually few and large, the testa smooth or fibrous. VIII. Gardenieae. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell of the ovary. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. Fruit drupaceous, 5-7-celled. IX. Retiniphylleae. Ovules 1 in each cell. Ovules pendulous. Stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla tube. X. Guettardeae. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla tube. XL Chiococceae. Ovules erect or ascending. Corolla lobes contorted XII. Ixoreae. Corolla lobes valvate. Ovules affixed to the base of the ovary. Ovary 1-celled, or 2-celled but with a very thin septum. XIII. Coussareae. Ovary with two or more cells, the septum thick. Flowers commonly dioecious; stamens usually inserted at the base of the corolla; plants chiefly herbaceous and prostrate XVI. Anthospermeae. Flowers perfect; stamens inserted usually in the throat of the corolla; plants usually trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent. Fruit drupaceous; plants not scandent. XIV. ' Psychotrieae. Fruit dry, dehiscent; plants scandent. XV. Paederieae. Ovules affixed to the septum. Stipules fimbriate or leaf-like; plants herbaceous or chiefly so. Stipules fimbriate, not leaf -like XVII. Spermacoceae. Stipules resembling the leaves and forming whorls with them. XVIII. Galieae, FLORA OF PERU 5 I. NAUCLEEAE A single genus in Peru 1. Uncaria. II. CINCHONEAE Corolla lobes valvate. Placenta pendulous from the apex of the cell; flowers in elongate spikes, the corolla small 2. Alseis. Placenta ascending or erect, or adnate to the middle of the septum; flowers not spicate. Placenta ascending or erect from the base of the septum ; plants scandent, chiefly or wholly herbaceous 3. Manettia. Placenta adnate to the middle of the septum; plants not scandent. Leaves varnished, with a metallic appearance. 4. Stilpnophyllum. Leaves not varnished, not with metallic appearance. Flowers solitary. A low shrub; corolla with a very long and narrow tube 5. Lecanosperma. Flowers numerous, in several- or many-flowered inflores- cences; trees or large shrubs. Capsule splitting from below upward ... 6. Cinchona. Capsule splitting from above downward. Corolla lobes bifid ; fruit dehiscing by 4 spirally coiled valves 7. Joosia. Corolla lobes entire; fruit not dehiscent by 4 spirally coiled valves. Capsule loculicidal 8. Macrocnemum. Capsule septicidal. Valves of the capsule bifid 9. Remijia. Valves of the capsule entire. Capsules small, barely 1 cm. long; flowers densely clustered 10. Pimentelia. Capsules large, commonly more than 2 cm. long, often much larger; flowers rather loosely clustered and usually pediceled. 11. Laderibergia. 6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted. Calyx lobes unequal, one of them expanded into a large red limb. 12. Capirona. Calyx lobes equal or nearly so, none of them expanded into a colored limb. Corolla lobes contorted, or one external in Calycophyllum. Calyx caducous; seeds not winged, bearing a tuft of hairs at one end 13. Hillia. Calyx persistent; seeds winged. Plants epiphytic; corolla tube 6-9 cm. long; leaves fleshy. 14. Cosmibu&na. Plants terrestrial trees or shrubs; corolla smaller; leaves not fleshy. Corolla lobed to the middle or more deeply. 15. Calycophyllum. Corolla with short lobes much shorter than the tube. Stamens equal, the anthers included .... 16. Loretoa. Stamens unequal, the anthers exserted. 17. Ferdinandusa. Corolla lobes imbricate. Corolla regular, with a slender tube 18. Exostema. Corolla somewhat zygomorphic, with broad tube. 19. Coutarea. III. CONDAMINEAE Calyx lobes unequal, one of them in some of the flowers expanded into a large red limb 20. Pogonopus. Calyx lobes equal or nearly so, none of them expanded and colored. Calyx deciduous; corolla large 21. Condaminea. Calyx persistent; flowers small 22, Chimarrhis. IV. RONDELETIEAE Corolla lobes imbricate. Calyx lobes unequal, one of them expanded into a large red limb. 23. Warscewiczia. Calyx lobes equal or nearly so, none of them expanded into a colored limb. Leaves densely white-tomentose beneath 24. Rondeletia. FLORA OF PERU 7 Leaves not tomentose. Flowers in terminal trichotomous cymes. Leaves subsessile; corolla 12-15 mm. long 25. Dolichodelphys. Flowers in usually large and many-flowered panicles. Seeds large; capsule loculicidal 26. Sickingia. Seeds small; capsule septicidal 27. Bathysa. Corolla lobes contorted. Plants low herbs 28. Sipanea. Plants shrubs or trees. Flowers large, the green corolla almost 5 cm. long. Plants glabrate 29. Macbrideina. Flowers small, the colored or white corolla less than 2 cm. long. Stipules persistent, exuding resin; leaves glabrate. 30. Elaeagia. Stipules caducous, not resinous; leaves densely hairy. 31. Phitopis. V. HEDYOTIDEAE Seeds angulate; plants annual 32. Oldenlandia. Seeds plano-convex; plants chiefly perennial and often suffrutescent. 33. Arcytophyllum. VI. MUSSAENDEAE Inflorescence terminal. Flowers arranged in involucrate heads; plants epiphytic. 34. Schradera. Flowers paniculate; plants not epiphytic. Panicles spike-like; flowers small 35. Gonzalagunia. Panicles thyrsiform; flowers large 36. Isertia. Inflorescence axillary. Plants creeping herbs. Flowers usually in dense heads. 37. Coccocypselum. Plants shrubs or trees, or sometimes herbaceous and scandent. Leaves with many close striolae in the meshes of the veins. Inflorescences 1-3-flowered 38. Hippotis. Inflorescences few-many-flowered. Leaves small and thin; plants much branched. 39. Sommera. 8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Leaves very large, coriaceous; plants chiefly simple or nearly so 40. Pentagonia. Leaves without striolae in the meshes of the veins. Plants scandent 41. Sabicea. VII. HAMELIEAE Ovary 2-celled 42. Hoffmannia. Ovary 4-5-celled. Corolla lobes contorted in bud 43. Bertiera. Corolla lobes imbricate in bud. Corolla tubular 44. Hamelia. Corolla short-funnelform 45. Bothriospora. VIII. GARDENIEAE Corolla somewhat irregular, the buds curved 46. Posoqueria. Corolla regular, the buds not curved. Flowers perfect. Inflorescences terminal or terminal and axillary. Flowers in few- or many-flowered cymes 47. Tocoyena. Flowers mostly solitary or fasciculate. Corolla tube equaling or scarcely exceeding the limb, usually shorter 48. Sphinctanthus. Corolla tube usually much longer than the limb . 49. Randia. Inflorescences lateral. Corolla tube villous in both throat and base; stigma tapering; testa of the seeds fibrous; trees 50. Genipa. Corolla tube villous in throat or base but not in both; stigma not tapering; shrubs or small trees. Ovary 2-celled; native species .49. Randia. Ovary 1-celled; cultivated species 51. Gardenia. Flowers dioecious. Stipules forming a conic cap, connate into a sheath, deciduous above a circular slit, leaving a persistent basal caruncle. Staminate flowers in cymes, the pistillate usually solitary, rarely 2-3 in a head 52. Duroia. Staminate and pistillate flowers both in cymes . 53. Amaioua. FLORA OF PERU 9 Stipules free or united only near the base, not forming a cap that is dehiscent by a transverse slit. Staminate flowers lateral; plants usually armed with spines. 49. Randia. Staminate flowers terminal ; plants unarmed . . 54. Alibertia. IX. RETINIPHYLLEAE A single genus in Peru 55. Retiniphyllum. X. GUETTARDEAE Corolla lobes imbricate in bud. Fruit separating into 2 narrow dry cocci 56. Machaonia. Fruit drupaceous, indehiscent 57. Guettarda. Corolla lobes valvate. Tube of the corolla short and thick 58. Malanea. Tube of the corolla slender and elongate. Corolla lobes corniculate outside at the apex 59. Chomelia. Corolla lobes not corniculate 60. Anisomeris. XL CHIOCOCCEAE A single genus in Peru 61. Chiococca. XII. IXOREAE Calyx calyculate at the base; cultivated plants 62. Coffea. Calyx naked at the base; native plants 63. Ixora. XIII. COUSSAREAE Seeds vertical; ovules connate, borne on a common basal column. 64. Coussarea. Seeds horizontal; ovules separate in a 1-celled ovary, collateral, basilar 65. Faramea. XIV. PSYCHOTRIEAE Ovary partly or almost wholly superior 66. Pagamea. Ovary inferior. Flowers in elongate, interrupted spikes, crowded in dense groups at the nodes of the spikes, each group surrounded by a short involucre of united bracts 67. Stachyococcus. 10 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Flowers not in interrupted spikes. Inflorescence an involucrate head (heads often compound in Cephaelis). Plants creeping herbs; seeds flat on the ventral side. 68. Geophila. Plants usually large shrubs; seeds deeply furrowed on the ventral side 69. Cephaelis. Inflorescence not involucrate, or very rarely so. Fruiting carpels much compressed laterally, the fruit didy- mous; plants low, herbaceous or suffrutescent. 70. Declieuxia. Fruiting carpels not compressed laterally; plants mostly trees or shrubs. Seeds with inrolled ventral surface; stipules pectinately lobed or with setiform appendages 71. Rudgea. Seeds not with inrolled ventral surface; stipules mostly entire or bilobate. Corolla tube straight, not gibbous at the base. 72. Psychotria. Corolla tube elongate, more or less curved, gibbous at the base. Branches of the inflorescence usually red or yellow 73. Palicourea. XV. PAEDERIEAE A single genus in Peru 74. Paederia. XVI. ANTHOSPERMEAE Fruit leathery, pyriform, deeply costate, splitting into 2 cocci. 75. Corynula. Fruit a succulent, red, berry-like drupe 76. Gomozia. XVII. SPERMACOCEAE Flowers in panicled umbels; plants scandent 77. Emmeorrhiza. Flowers not umbellate; plants usually not scandent. Fruit not separating into cocci, the whole fruit circumscissile. 78. Mitracarpus. Fruit separating into cocci. Cocci indehiscent. Cocci 3-4 . . . . 79. Richardia. FLORA OF PERU 11 Cocci 2 80. Diodda. Cocci, at least one of them, dehiscent. Cocci opening only at the base. Flowers axillary. 81. Hemidiodia. Cocci opening at the apex. Cells of the fruit unlike, one opening, the other remaining closed 82. Spermacoce. Cells of the fruit alike, both opening 83. Borreria. XVIII. GALIEAE Calyx lobes developed, lanceolate 84. Sherardia. Calyx lobes obsolete. Flowers surrounded by a calyx-like involucre 85. Relbunium. Flowers not involucrate 86. Galium. 1. UNCARIA Schreb. Scandent or trailing shrubs, armed with stout recurved spines; stipules interpetiolar, entire or bifid; leaves opposite, petiolate; flowers sessile or pedicellate, in solitary or racemose, pedunculate, spherical heads, 5-parted; calyx tubular or funnelform, dentate; corolla funnelform, the throat glabrous, the short lobes valvate in bud; stamens inserted in the corolla throat, exserted; fruit 2-celled, dry, fusiform, septicidally bi valvate; seeds few or numerous, winged and bicaudate. Flowers pedicellate; leaves glabrous U. guianensis. Flowers sessile; leaves tomentulose beneath or strigose on the veins. U. tomentosa. Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) Gmel. Syst. 370. 1796. Ourouparia guianensis Aubl. PI. Guian. 177. pi. 168. 1775. A large shrub with scandent or recurved branches; leaves short- petiolate, the blades oblong to broadly elliptic, 6-12 cm. long, obtusely short-acuminate, truncate to obtuse at the base; flower heads 2.5 cm. in diameter; calyx 4-5 mm. long, turbinate, tomen- tulose; corolla white, 11 mm. long, densely pilose, the lobes obtuse; fruit 3.5-4 cm. long, glabrate. "Unganangi." Ayacucho: Choimacota Valley, 800 meters, Weberbauer 7537. Cuzco: Cosnipata, 700 meters, Weberbauer 6953. Loreto: Yuri- maguas, in forest, Williams 4170, 7844. La Campuya, W. Fox 94. Rio Itaya, Williams 251. Puerto Arturo, in pasture, Williams 5193. 12 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6525. Bolivia to Brazil and the Guianas. Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. Prodr. 4: 349. 1830. Nauclea aculeata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 382. 1819, non Willd. A 7 , tomen- tosa Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 221. 1819. Ourouparia tomentosa Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 132. 1889. A large, more or less scandent shrub, armed with stout spines; leaves short-petiolate, the blades thin, oval to ovate or broadly oblong, 10-15 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, usually pale beneath and minutely tomentulose, often glabrate and strigose on the veins; flowers whitish, fragrant, the dense heads 2 cm. in diam- eter; corolla 8-10 mm. long, densely tomentulose; capsule 6-8 mm. long. Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann ^663. Also in Colom- bia, the Guianas, Trinidad, and Central America. Of the collection cited I have seen only a fragment. Evidently it represents a species distinct from U. guianensis, but I do not feel certain that it is U. tomentosa, which is not known to occur between northern Colombia and Peru. 2. ALSEIS Schott Trees or shrubs with opposite leaves; stipules short or elongate; flowers small, white or yellow, spicate, the spikes simple or branched, axillary and terminal; hypanthium obconic; calyx 5-lobate, the lobes broad or narrow, deciduous; corolla cylindric, short, pilose within, the limb 5-lobate, the lobes valvate; stamens inserted at the base of the corolla tube, the filaments villous; capsule oblong- turbinate, 2-celled, septicidally bivalvate from the apex; seeds linear-fusiform, the testa produced at each end. Alseis peruviana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 179. 1936. A tree, the branchlets fulvous-hispidulous; stipules deciduous, ovate, acuminate, 1-1.5 cm. long; leaves short-petiolate, membrana- ceous, the blades rhombic-oblanceolate or cuneate-obovate, 21-37 cm. long, 7-18 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, long-attenuate to the base, short-pilosulous above, densely hispidulous beneath; spikes 6-17 cm. long; calyx 1.2 mm. long, glabrate, the lobes unequal, lance- oblong, acute; corolla 2.5-3 mm. long, minutely fulvous-hispidulous. Loreto: Puerto Arturo, Yurimaguas, 200 meters, in forest, Williams 5030, type. San Martin: Juan Guerra near Tarapoto, Williams 6916. "Mishu-quiro," "palo bianco." FLORA OF PERU 13 3. MANETTIA L. Plants scandent, herbaceous or suffrutescent; stipules inter- petiolar, sometimes dentate or fimbriate; leaves opposite, herbaceous or coriaceous; flowers 4-parted, solitary and axillary or disposed in cymes or panicles, often brightly colored ; calyx with 4 or 8 segments, these equal or unequal, persistent; corolla tubular or funnelform, the lobes valvate in bud, the tube usually pilose within above the base, the throat glabrous or villous; stamens included or exserted, the anthers linear; capsule 2-celled, septicidally dehiscent; seeds small, discoid, winged. Calyx lobes 8, usually broad and foliaceous, united at the base into a short tube. Leaves glabrous or practically so. Corolla glabrous M. glandulosa. Corolla sparsely or densely pubescent outside. Capsule pyriform, acute at the base; leaf blades rounded at the base M. tarapotensis. Capsule globose, rounded at the base; leaf blades acute at the base M. coccinea. Leaves copiously pubescent beneath, at least when young. Plants villous-pilose throughout with long, weak, shaggy hairs. Corolla tube dilated above; calyx lobes broad; capsule globose M. hispida. Plants short-pilose. Corolla tube dilated above; leaves soon glabrate. M. vacillans. Corolla tube cylindric; leaves permanently pubescent. Calyx lobes narrowly lanceolate, long-attenuate; capsule obovoid, acute at the base; flowers racemose. M. racemosa. Calyx lobes lanceolate or ovate; capsule globose, rounded at the base; flowers subumbellate M. Schunkei. Calyx lobes 4. Leaves tomentose beneath with matted hairs. Calyx lobes minute, scarcely 1 mm. long M. tomentulosa. Calyx lobes 1.5-4 mm. long. Corolla glabrous outside M. poliodes. 14 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Corolla villous or tomentose. Calyx lobes triangular-ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, in fruit as much as 4 mm.; tomentum of the lower leaf surface yellowish M. peruviana. Calyx lobes lanceolate, 2-4 mm. long, in fruit as much as 1 cm. ; tomentum whitish M. Weberbaueri. Leaves not tomentose. Corolla large, 3-5 cm. long M. cordifolia. Corolla usually less than 1.5 cm. long. Calyx lobes minute, ovate to lanceolate, erect or suberect, less than 2 mm. long, inconspicuous, never much thickened. Young branches glabrous. Corolla tube 3 mm. long; flowers laxly paniculate M. paniculata. Young branches pilose or villous. Calyx lobes broadly ovate, obtuse M. thysanophora. Calyx lobes triangular or lanceolate, acute or acuminate. Capsule obtuse at the base; flowers racemose-paniculate. M. veronicoides. Capsule acute at the base; flowers subumbellate. M. modica. Calyx lobes large or elongate, usually much more than 2 mm. long, sometimes recurved, often conspicuous and leafy, frequently much thickened. Corolla villous or pilose outside. Tube of the corolla about 6 mm. long; leaves oblong- lanceolate M. acutifolia. Tube of the corolla 12 mm. long; leaves elliptic. M. asclepiadacea. Corolla glabrous outside. Calyx lobes united at the base into a short tube, recurved. M. divaricata. Calyx lobes free or nearly so, not recurved. Calyx lobes ovate or orbicular, obtuse or rounded at the apex. Corolla tube 12-14 mm. long M. dubia. Corolla tube 5-6 mm. long M. umbellata. Calyx lobes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate. FLORA OF PERU 15 Leaves large, about 6 cm. wide M . glandulosa. Leaves smaller, 3 cm. wide or less. Calyx lobes 6-10 mm. long; leaves coriaceous. M. Albert-Smithii. Calyx lobes 3-3.5 mm. long; leaves thin. M. leucantha. Manettia acutifolia R. & P. Fl. 1: 58. pi. 89, f. b. 1798. M. acutiflora Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 134. 1805. Lygistum acutifolium Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1:287.1891. A large, slender vine; stipule lobes short, acute; leaves short- petiolate, thin, the blades 1.5-3 cm. wide, long-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at the base, glabrous or nearly so; flowers congested in the leaf axils; hypanthium pilose, the calyx lobes linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong, long-attenuate, erect; corolla purple or white, densely pilose outside, the tube 6 mm. long. Neg. 218. Cuzco(?): Type collected between Acomayo and Pati, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo, and fragm. of authentic material seen, ex hb. Berol.). Huanuco: Rio Huallaga Canyon below Rio Santo Domingo, climbing over shrubs, 1,200 meters, Macbride 4255. Manettia Albert-Smithii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 151. 1930. A scandent herb, the stems glabrous; stipules acute, sometimes fimbriate, 2-2.5 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades oblong-lanceolate to ovate, 1.5-3 cm. wide, acuminate, obtuse at the base, glabrous; inflorescence racemiform, the flowers short- pedicellate; hypanthium glabrous; calyx lobes erect, green, coriaceous, lanceolate, acute or acuminate; corolla white, glabrous outside, the tube 6-7 mm. long, the lobes 6-7 mm. long, long-villous within; capsule subglobose, 6-7 mm. long, obtuse or abruptly contracted at the base. Ayacucho: Carrapa, 1,200 meters, wooded hillside, Killip & Smith 22418, type. Aina, 750-1,000 meters, in thickets, Killip & Smith 23104. Manettia asclepiadacea Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 332. 1931. Stems retrorse-pilosulous; stipules setulose-pectinate; leaves petiolate, the blades membranaceous, elliptic, 4.5-5.5 cm. wide, long-acuminate, acute at the base, glabrous, the veins obscure, paler beneath ; flowers umbellate in the leaf axils, the pedicels 5-9 mm. long; hypanthium densely pilosulous; calyx lobes lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 8-10 mm. long, green; corolla white-pilose outside, the white 16 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII tube 12 mm. long, the lobes yellow with purple tips, 4.5 mm. long; capsule obovoid, acute or attenuate at the base. Loreto: San Antonio, Rio Itaya, 110 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 29476, type. Also in Ecuador. Manettia coccinea (Aubl.) Willd. Sp. PL 1: 624. 1797. Nacibea coccinea Aubl. PL Guian. 96. pi. 37, f. 1. 1775. Stems usually glabrous; stipules truncate, denticulate; leaves herbaceous, petiolate, the blades lanceolate to ovate, 3-10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute to obtuse at the base; flowers chiefly axillary; calyx lobes 8, linear or oblanceolate, 4-14 mm. long, foli- aceous, ciliate, recurved; corolla red, 17-25 mm. long, more or less pilose; capsule subglobose, 6-12 mm. long, rounded at the base. Huanuco: Posuso, 600 meters, over sunny shrubs, 4592. Loreto: Between Rio Nanay and Rio Napo, in forest, Williams 686. Widely distributed in the lowlands of tropical America, ranging northward to Mexico. Manettia cordifolia Mart. Denkschr. Acad. Muench. 9: 95. pi. 7. 1824. Guagnebina ignita Veil. Fl. Flum. 45. pi. 115. 1825. M. ignita Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 170. 1889. A large, herbaceous vine; leaves short-petiolate, membranaceous, ovate to lance-oblong, long-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at the base, finely pubescent beneath; flowers chiefly axillary and solitary, long-pedicellate; calyx lobes 4, oblong or lanceolate, usually unequal, large and foliaceous; corolla bright red, glabrous outside, 3-5 cm. long, the tube dilated above, the lobes very short. Neg. 193. Huanuco: Posuso, Lopez to Cueva Blanca, Pearce 215 (teste Wernham). San Martin: San Roque, abandoned land, Williams 7773, 7479. Department unknown: Without locality, Weberbauer 6560; Pav6n; Mathews 1343. Andes at 1,500-2,400 meters, Pearce 590 (teste Wernham). Bolivia to Brazil and Argentina. Manettia cordifolia var. attenuata (Nees & Mart.) Wernham, Gen. Manettia 20. 1919. M. attenuata Nees & Mart. Act. Soc. Nat. Cur. 12: 14. 1825. Similar to the species, but the upper leaves, at least, narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute at the base, finely pubescent beneath. San Martin: Lamas, Williams 6406. Near Tarapoto, Spruce 3929. Also in Brazil. FLORA OF PERU 17 Manettia cordifolia var. glabra (C. & S.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 263. 1931. M. glabra C. & S. Linnaea 4: 159. 1829. M. micans P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 24. 1845. Like the species, but the leaves glabrous. Neg. 192. Huanuco: Posuso, rocky wooded slopes, 600 meters, 4722. Puerto Victoria, 300 meters, wooded river banks, Killip & Smith 26823. Junin: La Merced, 600 meters, river cliffs, 5585. Vitoc, Ruiz. Chanchamayo Valley, 1,800 meters, Schunke 480, 1519, 1430. San Ramon, 900-1,300 meters, edge of woods, Killip & Smith 24748. Huacapistana, Weberbauer 1967. La Merced, Killip & Smith 28519. Rio Peren4, 600 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 25213. Loreto: Type of M. micans from Yurimaguas, Poeppig. Yurimaguas, 135 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 27990. Bal- sapuerto, 220 meters, King 3080. San Lorenzo, Killip & Smith 29200. Madre de Dios(?): Seringal San Francisco, Rio Acre, Ule 9864. San Martin: Between Moyobamba and Tarapoto, Raimondi 490. Tarapoto, Mathews 1343. Rio Huallaga, Spruce 4592. Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, King 3541- Pongo de Cai- narachi, 230 meters, Klug 2606. Ranging to Brazil and Argentina. The variety is much more frequent in most parts of the range than the typical form of the species. It must be a handsome and showy plant, with its large and brilliantly colored flowers. Manettia divaricata Wernham, Gen. Manettia 41. 1919. A large, herbaceous vine, glabrous throughout or nearly so; stipules small and inconspicuous, deciduous; leaves slender-petiolate, blackish when dried, papyraceous, the blades elliptic to ovate- oblong, acutely acuminate, acute at the base; flowers few, axillary and solitary or in 3-flowered cymes; calyx lobes fleshy, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, 3-5 mm. long; corolla lilac-rose or with purplish green tube and dull pink lobes, the stout tube 15 mm. long, the rather short lobes recurved; capsule large, obovoid, acutish at the base or obtuse. Junin: Puerto Bermudez, 375 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 26615. Loreto: Lower Rio Nanay, Williams 564- Masisea, 275 meters, open woods, Killip & Smith 26848. Mishuyacu, 100 meters, in clearing, Klug 849. Iquitos, in forest, Killip & Smith 29858. Also in Bolivia. Manettia dubia Wernham, Gen. Manettia 31. 1919. Stipules deltoid, acuminate; leaf blades elliptic, 6.5-8.5 cm. long, obtuse or acuminate, rounded at the base, glabrous; calyx lobes 18 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII ovate-orbicular, mucronate-acute, 6 mm. long; corolla blue, glabrous outside, the tube 12-13 mm. long, the lobes 4-5 mm. long. Ayacucho: Type from Puitac, at 3,000-3,300 meters, Pearce. Known to the present writer only from description. Manettia glandulosa P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 24. 1845. Lygistum glandulosum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 287. 1891. Stipules deltoid, glandular-ciliate; leaves glabrous, subcoriaceous, the blades as much as 12.5 cm. long, acuminate, shining, especially beneath; peduncles axillary, 1-several-flowered; calyx lobes 4 or 8, lanceolate, half as long as the corolla; corolla small, glabrous, pink; capsule oval, didymous, glabrous. Loreto: Type from forests of Yurimaguas, Poeppig. Reported by Wernham (Gen. Manettia 38. 1919) from Rio Huallaga, Yurimaguas, Spruce 3874- Known to the present writer only from description. Manettia hispida P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 24. pi. 228. 1845. Lygistum hispidum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 287. 1891. A large, suffrutescent vine, villous-pilose throughout with long, spreading, whitish hairs, the stems straw-colored; stipules oblong, acute; leaves on short, stout petioles, the blades broadly elliptic to oblong, acuminate, acute at the base; flowers few and axillary, long- pedicellate, often umbellate; calyx lobes 7, oval-spatulate; corolla red or pinkish red, copiously long-pilose, the tube 15 mm. long; capsule ovoid or globose, villous. Neg. 216. Huanuco: Cerro de San Cristobal, near Cochero, Poeppig. Loreto: Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2321 (photo, and fragm. ex hb. Berol.). Fortaleza, Yurimaguas, edge of forest, Williams 4299. Puerto Arturo, in forest, Williams 5315. Balsapuerto, 220 meters, Klug 3024- Santa Rosa, 135 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 28906. Yuri- maguas, 135 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 29115. San Martin: Lamas, in forest, Williams 6483. Department unknown: Without locality, Poeppig 235; Pavdn (labeled "Besleria sp. nova")- Manettia leucantha Krause, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 308. 1924. A slender, herbaceous vine, the stems glabrous or nearly so; stipules subulate-aristate; leaves short-petiolate, the blades lanceo- late or ovate-lanceolate, 5-8 cm. long, long-acuminate, acute or obtuse at the base, glabrous; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, acute, 3-3.5 mm. long; corolla white, the tube 4-6 mm. long, the lobes acute, slightly shorter than the tube; capsule subglobose, glabrate. Neg. 210. FLORA OF PERU 19 Huancavelica: Rio Mantaro, below Huancamayo, in forest, 1,500 meters, Weberbauer 6573, type collection. Manettia modica Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 275. 1929. Suffrutescent, with stramineous branches, the young branchlets villosulous; stipules truncate, bearing a few subulate setae; leaves short-petiolate, the blades lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-3.5 cm. long, long-acuminate, obtuse at the base, sparsely villous, pale beneath, the margins revolute; flowers umbellate-paniculate, pedi- cellate; calyx lobes broadly ovate, acute; capsule obovoid, 5 mm. long, acute and long-attenuate at the base. Huanuco: Vilcabamba, Rio Chinchao, 1,800 meters, climbing over shrubs, Macbride 5154, type. Manettia paniculata P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 24. 1845. Lygistum paniculatum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 288. 1891. A slender, herbaceous vine, glabrous; stipules broad, short, acutish; leaves on short, slender petioles, the blades lance-oblong, about 7.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, acuminate, acute to rounded at the base, glabrous, paler beneath; flowers arranged in lax, open panicles, the flowers long-pedicellate; calyx lobes oblong, obtuse, thick, half as long as the corolla, somewhat spreading; corolla tube 3 mm. long. Negs. 25688, 202. Loreto: Forests of Yurimaguas, Mainas, Poeppig 2462 (photo, and fragm. of type material, ex hb. Berol.). Wernham (Gen. Manet- tia 30. 1919) reports also a specimen collected by Poeppig at Casapi (Huanuco). Manettia peruviana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 274. 1929. A scandent shrub, the branchlets densely villous; stipules tri- angular, acute, 2.5 mm. long; leaves almost sessile, the blades thick, oblong-ovate, 2.5-4.5 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, rounded at the base, scabrous and villosulous-puberulent above, densely tomentose beneath; flowers umbellate, long-pedicellate; calyx lobes triangular-ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long; corolla dark red, short- villous, the tube 8 mm. long, the obtuse lobes 2 mm. long; capsule didymous- globose, 5-6 mm. wide. "Pushpu-hoirer." Huanuco: Mito, 2,700 meters, twining on shrubs of sunny slopes, Macbride & Featherstune 1395, type. Tambillo, 2,400 meters, 3571 . Junin: Mountains west of Huacapistana, 2,400 meters, Weberbauer 2287. 20 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Manettia poliodes Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 151. 1930. A large vine, the young branchlets densely villosulous-tomentose; stipules 2 mm. long, 3-denticulate; leaves short-petiolate, the blades membranaceous, ovate-elliptic or oblong-ovate, 4-8 cm. long, acuminate, rounded or obtuse at the base, green above, sparsely villosulous, densely tomentose beneath; flowers umbellate-cymose, slender-pedicellate; calyx lobes ovate, acute or acuminate; corolla violaceous, the tube 7-10 mm. long, the triangular-ovate lobes 2-2.5 mm. long; capsule subglobose, 5 mm. long, obtuse at the base. Cuzco: Marcapata Valley, near Chilechile, 2,500 meters, in thicket, Weberbauer 7863, type. Below Lares, 3,100 meters, in thicket, Weberbauer 7890. Valle del Apurimac, Mollepata, 2,750 meters, Herrera 1230. Manettia racemosa R. & P. Fl. 1: 58. pi. 89, f. a. 1798. M. mutabilis Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 134. 1805. Nacibea mutabilis Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 55. 1816. Lygistum racemosum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 288. 1891. A large, herbaceous vine; stipules acuminate, ciliate; leaves slender-petiolate, the blades membranaceous, ovate to elliptic- oblong, more or less villous or pilosulous, at least beneath along the nerves, acute or acuminate, acute to obtuse at the base; flowers few, cymose or axillary and short-racemose; calyx lobes usually 8, linear or lanceolate, large and elongate, herbaceous, often re- curved; corolla purplish or red-violet, villous; capsule ellipsoid, sparsely villous or pilosulous, 12 mm. long, acute at the base. Neg. 221. Huanuco: Described from Cochero, Chinchao, Cassape, Macora, Marimarchahua, and Hualqui, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.). Loreto: Mishuyacu, 100 meters, in marsh, Klug 116 If. Locality unknown: Pawn; Dombey 553. San Martin: Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, mountain forest, Klug 3609. Manettia Schunkei Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 273. 1929. Plants scandent, herbaceous or suffrutescent, the slender stems at first reflexed-hirtellous; stipules triangular, acute; leaves short- petiolate, firm-membranaceous, the blades lance-ovate or ovate- elliptic, 2.5-5.5 cm. long, acuminate, rounded or obtuse at the base, sparsely scaberulous above, densely scaberulous beneath; cymes axillary, umbelliform, the flowers slender-pedicellate; calyx lobes 8, foliaceous, lanceolate or ovate, 3-4 mm. long; corolla red, sparsely FLORA OF PERU 21 puberulent, the tube 13 mm. long, the ovate lobes 6 mm. long; capsule small, didymous-globose, obtuse or rounded at the base. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke 362, type; at 1,200-1,500 meters, Schunke 1428, 1461, 1444- Colonia Perene", 600 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 25202. Manettia tarapotensis Wernham, Gen. Manettia 38. 1919. A large, herbaceous vine, the stems puberulent; stipules truncate, glandular-denticulate; leaves slender-petiolate, the blades sub- coriaceous, ovate or ovate-elliptic, acuminate, rounded at the base and abruptly contracted, glabrous, 6-9 cm. long; flowers in rather dense and many-flowered umbels, long-pedicellate; calyx lobes 8, linear, 5-6 mm. long or more; corolla puberulent, the tube 12-13 mm. long; capsule pyriform, 1 cm. long or larger, thinly tomentulose. San Martin: Type from Tarapoto, Spruce 4076, 4426. Rumizapa, Williams 6764. Tarapoto, in forest, Williams 6105, 6528. Manettia thysanophora Wernham, Gen. Manettia 28. 1919. A rather coarse vine; stipules united, reflexed, fimbriate; leaves short-petiolate, membranaceous, the blades elliptic or broadly ovate, 3.5-5 cm. long, acuminate, acute at the base, glabrate and green above, pale beneath and when young sparsely hirtous; flowers numerous, subumbellate in the axils, slender-pedicellate; calyx lobes 4, broadly ovate, usually obtuse, glabrous, 1 mm. long; corolla glabrous outside, the tube 5 mm. long, the lobes 2 mm. long. Peru, without locality, Mathews 1501, type collection. Manettia tomentulosa Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 273. 1929. Young branchlets densely puberulent or short- villous; stipules subtruncate, laciniate-dentate; leaves petiolate, thick-membrana- ceous, the blades oblong-ovate to lance-oblong, 3-7 cm. long, acumi- nate, rounded or obtuse at the base, sparsely appressed-pilose above or glabrate, minutely and densely tomentulose beneath; flowers in axillary umbels, slender-pedicellate; capsule subglobose, 3.5 mm. long, minutely puberulent, rounded at the base; calyx lobes oblong or ovate, obtuse. Junin: La Merced, 1,200 meters, climbing over bushes, Mac- bride 5772, type. Huacapistana, 1,800-2,400 meters, in thickets, Killip & Smith 24141. Manettia umbellata R. & P. Fl. 1: 58. pi. 90, f. a. 1798. Lygis- tum umbellatum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 288. 1891. 22 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII A large, glabrous vine, herbaceous or suffrutescent; stipules short, triangular-apiculate; leaves short-petiolate, subcoriaceous, the blades ovate to oblong or elliptic, acuminate, obtuse or rounded at the base; flowers umbellate or short-racemose in the leaf axils, slender- pedicellate; calyx lobes 4, ovate, obtuse or acute, thick; corolla blue, glabrous, the stout tube 6-7 mm. long, the lobes short, triangular- ovate; capsule globose-ovoid, 7 mm. long. Neg. 199. Ayacucho: Choimacota Valley, 2,800 meters, Weberbauer 7572. Huanuco: Described from Muna, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo, and fragm. of authentic material seen, ex hb. Berol.; labeled as from Parrasa- huas). Vilcabamba, 1,800 meters, 5153. Panao, 2,700 meters, a vine over shrubs, 3614- Pampayacu, Kanehira 104. Madre de Dios: Seringal San Francisco, Rio Acre, Vie 9863. Manettia vacillans Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 272. 1929. Scandent, suffrutescent, the young branchlets densely puber- ulent; stipules acute, 2 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, membra- naceous, the blades elliptic or broadly ovate, 2.5-3.5 cm. long, short-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at the base, sparsely appressed- pilose above at first, beneath sparsely tomentulose on the veins or almost glabrous; inflorescences subumbellate, axillary, few- flowered; hypanthium tomentulose; calyx lobes unequal, lanceolate or ovate, 2.5-5 mm. long, acuminate, spreading or recurved; corolla reddish white, turning rose, the tube 11-12 mm. long, the ovate, obtuse lobes 3-5 mm. long. Ayacucho: Mountains northeast of Huanta, 3,100 meters, moist ravine, Weberbauer 7509, type. Manettia veronicoides Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 272. 1929. A slender vine, the young stems sparsely puberulent; stipules broadly triangular, acuminate; leaves almost sessile, the blades ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-4.5 cm. long, long-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at the base, glabrous above, sometimes tomentulose beneath along the nerves; flowers umbellate-paniculate, short- pedicellate; calyx lobes oblong- triangular, acute, 1-1.5 mm. long; corolla glabrous, the tube 2.5 mm. long, the lobes of the same length; capsule obovoid-globose, 3-4 mm. long, obtuse at the base. Cuzco: Between the tambos Tres Cruces and Tambomayo, 2,400 meters, Weberbauer 6971, type. Manettia Weberbaueri Krause, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 309. 1924. Stipules acuminate; leaves short-petiolate, the blades lance- oblong to ovate or elliptic, 2-4 cm. long, short-acuminate, acute or FLORA OF PERU 23 acutish at the base, sparsely appressed-pilose or glabrate above, pale-tomentose beneath; flowers loosely cymose; calyx lobes lanceo- late or ovate-lanceolate, acute, pilose, at first 2-4 mm. long, later accrescent; corolla pink, the tube 6-9 mm. long, appressed-pilose, the lobes 2-2.5 mm. long; capsule subglobose, 5 mm. long, broadly obtuse at the base, sparsely pilose or almost glabrous. Neg. 222. Cajamarca: San Pablo, 2,400-2,700 meters, Weberbauer 3808, type collection (photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.). 4. STILPNOPHYLLUM Hook. f. Glabrous shrubs; stipules caducous; leaves opposite, petiolate, coriaceous; flowers small, in small, axillary panicles, 5-parted; calyx cupular, 5-dentate, eglandular, persistent; corolla campanu- late-funnelform, coriaceous, the tube villous within at the base, the lobes half as long as the tube, valvate in bud ; stamens inserted in the corolla throat, the anthers linear; ovary 2-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell. The genus consists of a single species. Stilpnophyllum lineatum Hook. f. Icon. PI. pi. 1147. 1873; Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 158. pi. Ill, f. 2. 1889. Elaeagia lineata Spruce ex Schum. loc. cit. A shrub 3 meters high; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate orobovate- oblong, 5-9 cm. long, short-acuminate, acute at the base, lustrous; panicles 2 cm. long, much shorter than the leaves; hypanthium turbinate; calyx 1 mm. long, the teeth ovate-triangular, minutely pilosulous; corolla 5-6 mm. long, minutely puberulent, the lobes oblong, acute, recurved. San Martin : Summit of Cerro Pelado near Tarapoto, Spruce 4568, type collection. 5. LECANOSPERMA Rusby Stiff, much branched shrubs; stipules short, persistent; leaves opposite, small, short-petiolate ; flowers terminal, solitary; calyx 5-parted, the lobes narrow, foliaceous; corolla salverform, with a slender, elongate tube and broad, spreading lobes, the tube villous within at the insertion of the stamens; stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla, the anthers sessile; capsule subglobose, loculicidally bivalvate; seeds rather few, compressed, imbricate, narrowly winged. The genus consists of a single species. Lecanosperma lycioides Rusby, Bull. Torrey Club 20: 431. pi. 168. 1893. 24 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII A dense shrub 2 meters high or less, the branchlets often sub- spinose; leaf blades elliptic-oblong, 3-12 mm. long, glabrous or nearly so; corolla white, the tube nearly 2 cm. long; capsule 6 mm. long. Apurimac: Between Amorayana and Sanaica, 2,700 meters, Weberbauer 7174- Also in Bolivia. 6. CINCHONA L. Trees or shrubs, glabrous or variously pubescent; stipules large, distinct, caducous; leaves opposite, petiolate; inflorescence terminal, paniculate, with opposite branches, usually many-flowered; flowers 5-parted; calyx campanulate, dentate or lobate; corolla salverform, pubescent outside, the spreading lobes valvate in bud, more or less villous within along the margins; stamens semi-exserted or included, with short or elongate filaments, the anthers linear; capsule ovoid or oblong to subcylindric, bisulcate, dehiscent from the base to apex, many-seeded; seeds broadly winged. The genus contains some of the most important drug plants of the world, the source of quinine, the universal remedy for malaria. In former years large amounts of cinchona bark were exported from Peru as well as from other regions of the Andes, particularly Bolivia and Ecuador. The gathering of the bark involved the destruction of the trees, and the supply of wild trees was finally almost exter- minated. The greater part of the quinine now used in medicine is obtained from trees cultivated in the East Indies. There is a vast literature relating to the taxonomy and economic applications of the genus. Those interested particularly in medicinal properties of the plants made intensive studies of them, describing a great number of forms as species. Many forms of the trees were distinguished by the men who collected the bark, and various races that differ but slightly in characters of foliage and flowers seem to vary greatly as to their quinine content. Because of the large number of names concerned, the synonymy of the genus is exceedingly involved. The differences between the supposed species are poorly marked and imperfectly understood, or perhaps rather confused by the excess of attention paid to the forms. It is, therefore, dis- couraging to attempt to present a reasonable account of the species. The following enumeration of the Cinchona species is far from satisfactory, but it will perhaps permit a sufficiently fine segregation of the species. The greater number of the names in the genus relate to forms of C. officinalis and C. pubescens. The species vary greatly, FLORA OF PERU 25 but even after the examination of a large amount of authentic material of their segregates, it does not seem possible to recognize more than a few true species in the genus. The writer believes that the greater part of the names published under the genus pertain to forms of scarcely or not at all more significance botanically than horticultural varieties of common garden vegetables. Because of the involved synonymy, it is by no means certain that all the names listed below are correctly placed. The most of them, however, are of little importance, and it matters little what disposal is made of them. Leaves hirsute, hispid, or hispidulous beneath, at least on the costa and nerves, the hairs stiff and spreading. Leaves firm-membranaceous or subcoriaceous, usually dull, hirsute or hispidulous beneath over the whole surface. Leaves glabrate on the upper surface, long-hirsute beneath. C. Humboldtiana. Leaves appressed-pilose or glabrate on the upper surface, densely short-pilose beneath C. Delessertiana. Leaves mostly thick-coriaceous, lustrous, hirsute or hispid chiefly on the costa and nerves. Calyx 1.5-2 mm. long, densely appressed-pilose. C. glandulifera. Calyx 4-5 mm. long, glabrous or glabrate C, hirsuta. Leaves glabrous beneath, or pilosulous or villosulous with weak or short, often appressed hairs, never hirsute or hispid. Corolla 14-17 mm. long; leaves mostly firm-coriaceous, relatively small C. officinalis. Corolla 6-12 mm. long; leaves comparatively thin and large. Corolla 10-12 mm. long; leaves usually copiously pubescent beneath C. pubescens. Corolla 6-8 mm. long; leaves glabrous or glabrate beneath except along the costa. Calyx lobes linear-subulate C. amazonica. Calyx lobes deltoid C. micrantha. Cinchona amazonica Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 334. 1931. A medium-sized tree; leaves petiolate, the blades thick-mem - branaceous, obovate-elliptic, 15-25 cm. long, 8-12 cm. wide, obtuse or acutish and abruptly short-acuminate, narrowed to the base, 26 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII glabrous above, beneath sparsely and minutely sericeous or almost glabrous; panicle large and broad, the branches densely puberulent or sericeous, the flowers mostly sessile; hypanthium densely seri- ceous; calyx 5-parted, 1.5-2 mm. long, minutely sericeous, the lobes linear-attenuate; corolla 3.5-4 cm. long, densely tomentulose, the lobes equaling the tube. Loreto: Pebas, on the Amazon, Williams 1747, type. Also in adjacent Brazil. Cinchona carabayensis Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 9. 1848. C. Pahudiana Howard, Nueva Quinol. Pav. pi. 21. 1862. C. cara- bayensis var. lanceolata Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 4: 270. 1868-69. (?) C. Hasskarliana Miq. op. cit. 4: 266. 1868-69. A shrub 1-3 meters high, the trunk 3-4 cm. thick; stipules obo- vate-oblong, much longer than the petioles; leaf blades ovate-elliptic or lanceolate, 8-12 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide, acute at each end or rarely obtuse, coriaceous, glabrate above, pubescent-tomentose beneath; calyx teeth triangular-lanceolate, acute; capsule oblong- lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, pubescent. Puno : Described from thickets on the summits of the mountains between the valleys of the Province of Carabaya, especially near San Juan del Oro. Formerly, at least, planted in Java as a source of quinine. Weddell did not describe the flowers of this species, and its position is consequently uncertain. It may be only a form of C. officinalis, although in that species the leaves ordinarily are nearly glabrous. Weddell states that the plant is called "cascarilla de las lomas," and that it probably withstands a greater degree of cold than any other member of the genus. Schumann in the Flora Brasiliensis (6, pt. 6: 141. pi. 97} describes and illustrates C. carabayensis, but since the writer has seen no material of the species, even with his account of it there is difficulty in placing the plant. If his description of the flowers is correct, the species is close to C. pubescens, differing principally in its smaller leaves. Cinchona coronulata Miq. Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1: 140. 1861. Described from Peru, but of uncertain status. Cinchona Delessertiana, Standl., sp. nov. Ramuli crassi obtuse tetragoni densissime brunneo-pilosi, inter- nodiis elongatis; stipulae late ovali-ovatae 12 mm. longae deciduae FLORA OF PERU 27 obtusae extus densiuscule hispidulae intus glabrae, erectae; folia mediocria petiolata subcoriacea, petiolo crasso 1-2 cm. longo densis- sime pilis brunnescentibus hispidulo-tomentoso; lamina ovalis ad rotundato-elliptica 6.5-17 cm. longa 5-8.5 cm. lata apice rotundata vel obtusa et subapiculata, basi truncata vel late rotundata, supra primo sparse adpresso-pilosa cito glabrata nervis nervulisque pro- funde impressis, subtus undique pilis brevibus patentibus brun- nescentibus vel flavidis dense hispidula, costa crassa elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere circa 14 prominentibus fere rectis, infimis angulo recto superioribus angulo paullo angustiore divergentibus, venulis paucis elevatis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentiae terminales et ex axillis superioribus nascentes densissime multiflorae longe pedun- culatae basi foliaceo-bracteatae, floribus dense aggregatis sessilibus, bracteis ultimis linearibus vel lanceolatis 5-8 mm. longis; hypanthium 2.5 mm. longum dense fulvo-tomentosum; calyx 3-3.5 mm. longus dense adpresso-hispidulus, ad medium dentatus, dentibus triangular- ibus erectis acutis; corolla aperta non visa, in alabastro fere 1 cm. longa dense fulvo-strigosa; capsula immatura anguste lanceolato- oblonga 1.5 cm. longa sparse fulvo-hispidula. Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews (Herb. Delessert, type). In a genus in which very numerous species have been described, based upon differences of slight importance, a group to which much attention has been given because of its economic importance, it is surprising to discover a form so conspicuously distinct from other species of the genus as this. It is hard to understand why this Mathews collection, made long ago, has not been named, but I can find no mention of it in literature. The species is a well-marked one, characterized by the very dense pubescence of short, spreading hairs that covers all parts of the plant. Cinchona glandulifera R. & P. Fl. 3: 1. pi. 224. 1802. C. undulata Pa von ex Howard, 111. Nueva Quinol. Pav. 2. pi. 6. 1862. A shrub 2-4 meters high with 2-4 trunks, these as much as 7 cm. thick; bark ashy gray, the branchlets pilose or hirsute ; stipules oblong, obtuse or acutish, villous; leaves short-petiolate, the blades ovate- lanceolate to lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, 8-12 cm. long, acute at each end, glabrous and shining above, hirsute beneath, especially on the nerves, the hairs somewhat glandular at the base; panicles leafy, terminal and axillary, many-flowered, the flowers short- pedicellate; calyx lobes subulate, short, both calyx and hypanthium densely pilosulous; corolla pinkish white, 6-7 mm. long, tomentose outside; capsule oblong, 1.5 cm. long. Neg. 102. 28 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Huanuco: Described from the mountains of Chicoplaya, Ruiz & Pavdn; photo, and fragm. of authentic material seen ex hb. Berol., also material in hb. Deless. Reported also from Monzon, Panata- huas, and Cochero. "Cascarilla negrilla." Cinchona govana Miq. Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1: 140. 1861. The status of this species, described from the Department of Puno, is uncertain. Cinchona hirsuta R. & P. Fl. 2: 51. pi 192. 1799. C. pubescens var. hirsuta DC. Prodr. 4: 353. 1830. C. pelalba Pa von ex DC. Bibl. Univ. 41: 152. 1829. C. pubescens var. heterophylla DC. Prodr. 4: 118. 1830. C. heterophylla Pavon ex t)C. loc. cit. in syn. A slender tree 4-5 meters high, the trunks usually several, com- monly 15 cm. or less in diameter; leaves on stout petioles, the blades ovate or ovate-elliptic, 6-10 cm. long, obtuse, cuneate to obtuse or rounded at the base, shining above, more or less hirsute beneath; panicles corymbiform, usually rather few-flowered, but sometimes many-flowered, the branches pubescent; calyx deeply lobate, the lobes linear-lanceolate, glabrate; corolla purplish, as much as 2 cm. long, tomentulose; capsules about 3 cm. long (described by Weddell as 10-14 cm., probably in error), ovoid-oblong, Negs. 91, 94, 95, 98. Huanuco: Described from the mountains near Pillao and Aco- mayo, Ruiz & Pavon; authentic material seen in hb. Deless., also photo, and fragm. ex hb. Berol. Authentic material of C. pelalba and C. heterophylla represented in hb. Field Mus. by photos, and fragm. ex hb. Berol. "Cascarilla delgada," "cascarilla delgadilla." Cinchona Humboldtiana Lamb. 111. Cinch. 7. 1821. C. villosa Pavon ex Lamb. loc. cit. in syn. C. conglomerata Pavon ex Howard, 111. Nueva Quinol. Pav. pi. 15. 1862. C. Humboldtiana var. con- glomerata Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 12: 45. 1869. Branchlets pilose or hirsute; leaves short-petiolate, the blades rather thin, elliptic to lance-oblong, 8-13 cm. long or larger, acute or acutish at each end, glabrate above, long-hirsute beneath; panicles mostly small and rather dense, pilose; calyx small, shallowly lobate, the lobes broadly triangular, acute, the hypanthium densely tomen- tose; corolla 1 cm. long; capsule ovate or oblong, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, tomentose-pilose or glabrate. Negs. 101, 105. Cajamarca: Type from Jae*n, Pavdn; photo, of authentic specimen seen, ex hb. Berol. Also in Bolivia, and perhaps in Ecuador. "Cas- carilla colorada." FLORA OF PERU 29 In the herbarium of Field Museum there is a photograph of a specimen in hb. Berol, " Kunth 23," from Jauja, Junin, labeled Cinchona purpurascens Wedd., that may be referable to this species. Cinchona legitima Ruiz ex Lamb. Bull, de Pharm. 293. 1810. Described from Peru; a species of uncertain position. Cinchona micrantha R. & P. Fl. 2: 52. pi. 194. 1799. C. affinis Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 8. 1848. C. micrantha var. rotundifolia Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 11: 270. 1849. C. micrantha var. oblongifolia Wedd. loc. cit. C. Reicheliana Howard, Nueva Quinol. Pav. pi. 5. 1862. C. micrantha var. huanucensis, C. mi- crantha var. affinis, C. micrantha var. Reicheliana, C. micrantha var. calisayoides Howard, op. cit. 1862. C. Pavoniana Kuntze, Monogr. Cinch. 29. 1878. A medium-sized tree, the branchlets sericeous or glabrate; stipules ovate, obtuse, glabrous; leaves petiolate, large, oval to obovate, rounded, or elliptic, obtuse to rounded at the apex, acute to rounded at the base, nearly glabrous but usually pilose beneath along the costa; panicles large and many-flowered, rather open, puberulent or tomentulose, often leafy; hypanthium minutely tomentulose; calyx minute, the teeth acute, purplish; corolla pink, about 6 mm. long, densely tomentulose, the lobes much shorter than the tube; capsule oblong, acute, about 1.5 cm. long. Negs. 108, 109. Huanuco: Type from San Antonio de Playa Grande, Tafalla; photo, and fragm. of authentic material seen, ex hb. Berol. Type of C. Reicheliana from the region of Huanuco. Cochero, Poeppig 1339, 1737, 1708. Cajamarca: Valley of Rio Tabaconas, 1,200 meters, Weberbauer 6271. Junin: La Merced, 1,000 meters, Weber- bauer 1843. San Ramon, 900-1,300 meters, edge of woods, Killip & Smith 24767. San Martin: Zepelacio, 1,100 meters, King 3650. -Without locality: Mathews 1953; Poeppig 3047, 1707, 2834. Reported by Weddell from Carabaya, Department of Puno. The type of C. affinis is from Peru. Also in Bolivia and Ecuador. "Cascarilla provinciana," "cascarilla provinciana blanquilla," "cas- carilla provinciana negrilla," "motosolo." "Quepo cascarilla," "cascarilla verde" (Bolivia). Weddell states that immediately after the bark is removed from the tree it assumes a blood-red color, and that it is exceedingly bitter. This species was formerly a more or less important source of the drug cinchona. 30 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Cinchona officinalis L. Sp. PI. 172. 1753. C. land/olio, Mutis, "Periodico de Santa Fe," 465. 1793. C. nitida R. & P. Fl. 2: 50. pi. 191. 1799 (type from Pampamarca, Chacahuassi, Casape, Casa- pillo, Cayumba, Sapan, Cochero, Ruiz & Pavdn; authentic material seen ex hb. Berol. and hb. Deless.). C. lanceolata R. & P. Fl. 2: 51. 1799 (described from Mima, Panao, Pillao, Cochero, Ruiz & Pavdn; authentic material seen, ex hb. Berol. and hb. Deless.); 3: 1. pi. 223. 1802. C. angustifolia Ruiz, Quinol. Suppl. 14. 1801. C. Con- daminea H. & B. PI. Aequin. 1: 33. pi. 10. 1808. C. colorata Lamb. Bull, de Pharm. 294. 1810. C. Condaminea var. lanceolata Lamb. 111. Cinch. 2. 1821. C. stupea Pavon ex Lamb. loc. cit. in syn. 1821; Lindl. Fl. Med. 416. 1838. C. lancifolia var. nitida R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 9. 1825. C. lancifolia var. lanceolata R. & S. loc. cit. C. macrocalyx DC. Bibl. Univ. 41: 150. 1829 (authentic material seen, ex hb. Deless.). C. coccinea Pavon ex DC. Prodr. 4: 353. 1830, in syn. (authentic material seen, ex hb. Deless.). C. macrocalyx var. obtusifolia DC. loc. cit. C. obtusifolia Pavon ex DC. loc. cit. in syn. (authentic material seen, ex hb. Deless.). C. macrocalyx var. lucumi- folia DC. loc. cit. C. lucumifolia Pavon ex DC. loc. cit. in syn. (authentic material seen, ex hb. Deless.). C. macrocalyx var. Uritu- singa DC. loc. cit. C. Uritusinga Pavon ex DC. loc. cit. in syn. C. Bonplandiana Klotzsch in Hayne, Arzneigew. 7: pi. 37. 1846 (photo, of authentic material seen, ex hb. Berol.). C. Calisaya Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 6. 1848. C. amygdalifolia Wedd. loc. cit. (described from Bolivia and Peru). C. boliviana Wedd. op. cit. 7. 1848. C. Calisaya var. Josephiana Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 11: 269. 1849. C. Condaminea var. lanceolata Wedd. loc. cit. C. crispa Tafalla ex Howard, Nueva Quinol. Pav. pi. 2. 1862. C. Palton Pavon ex Howard, op. cit. pi. 13. 1862. C. parabolica Pavon ex Howard, op. cit. pi. 16. 1862. C. violacea, C. suberosa Pavon ex Howard, loc. cit. 1862. C. officinalis var. Uritusinga Howard, Rept. Internat. Bot. Congr. 201. 1866. (?)C. euneura Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 4: 265. 1868-69 (type from Rio Grande, Carabaya, Department of Puno, Hasskarl). C. lucumifolia var. stupea Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 11: 358. 1869. C. Calisaya var. boliviana Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 12: 55. 1869. C. elliptica Wedd. op. cit. 60. 1869 (type from Province of Carabaya, Department of Puno). C. Weddelliana Kuntze, Monogr. Cinch. 29. 1878. Hindsia subandina Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 431. 1908, nomen. A large or medium-sized tree or sometimes only a shrub, the trunk rarely as much as 1.5 meters in diameter, the bark rugose, FLORA OF PERU 31 fuscous, the branchlets strigillose-pilosulous; stipules lanceolate or oblong, acute or obtuse, glabrous; leaves petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, small, acute, acuminate, or obtuse, at the base rounded to attenuate, coriaceous, glabrous above and often lustrous, glabrous beneath or puberulent or short-pilose, especially on the veins, usually about 10 cm. long and 3.5-4 cm. wide, often scrobicu- late beneath; panicles terminal, leafy, rather small and dense, many-flowered; hypanthium strigose; calyx glabrous or nearly so, reddish, the teeth triangular, acute; corolla pink or red, sericeous, the lobes ovate, acute, the tube about 1 cm. long; capsule oblong, commonly 1.5-2 cm. long, glabrate. Negs. 96, 110, 112, 114-121, 572. Amazonas: Reported from Chachapoyas. Huanuco: Pam- payacu, Kanehira 352. Pan de Azucar, Sawada 69, 72. Junin: Jae"n, Rivera 588. Loreto: Canela Ucsha, 1,000 meters, Ule 6767 (type of Hindsia subandina). Puno: Reported from the Sandia Valley. San Martin: Monte Campana near Tarapoto, Spruce 4832 (det. doubtful). Reported to grow at 1,600-2,700 meters. Ranging from Bolivia to Colombia. "Cascarilla verde," "cascarilla verde morada," "cascarilla crespilla," "cascarilla calisaya," "ichu cascarilla." This species was formerly an important source of cinchona bark in the Andean region, and it was also the one first used in medicine. It was first made known from the region of Loja, in southern Ecua- dor. The species as treated here is a variable one, at least as regards leaf form, but no clear lines can be drawn to separate the forms into groups. It may well be, however, that with ample material available for study, if it ever can be brought together, there may be found some means of distinguishing several species in the material now referred to C. officinalis. Cinchona pubescens Vahl, Skrivt. Naturh. Selsk. 1: 19. 1790. C. Morado Ruiz, Quinol. 67. 1792. C. purpurea R. & P. Fl. 2: 52. pi. 193. 1799 (type from Pati, Ruiz & Pavdn; authentic material seen, ex hb. Berol. and hb. Deless., from Chinchao, Pillao, etc.). C. ovata R. & P. op. cit. 52. pi. 195. 1799 (described from Posuso and Panao; authentic material seen, ex hb. Berol.). C. grandifolia Mutis ex Humb. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. 1: 117. 1807. C. scrobiculata H. & B. PI. Aequin. 1: 165. pi. 47. 1808 (type from Jae"n, Department of Junin, Humboldt &Bonpland; type material seen in hb. Deless.). C. rotundifolia Pavon ex Lamb. 111. Cinch. 5. 1821. C. pubescens var. ovata DC. Prodr. 4: 353. 1830. C. pallescens Ruiz ex DC. loc. cit. in syn. C. tennis Ruiz ex DC. loc. cit. in syn. C. dis- 32 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII color Hayne, Arzneigew. 14: sub pi. 14- 1846. C. Delondriana Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 7. 1848 (type from Peru). C. rufinervis Wedd. op. cit. 8. 1848 (type from Peru). C. Pelletieriana Wedd. loc. cit. 1848 (described from Bolivia and Peru). (?)C. purpurascens Wedd. loc. cit. 1848 (described from Bolivia and Peru). C. scrobiculata var. genuina Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 11: 270. 1849. C. scrobicu- lata var. Delondriana Wedd. loc. cit. 1849. C. pubescens var. pur- purea Wedd. loc. cit. 1849. C. ovata var. vulgaris Wedd. loc. cit. 1849. C. ovata var. erythroderma Wedd. loc. cit. 1849, nomen nudum. C. Lechleriana Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 728. 1853-55 (type from San- gaban, Department of Puno, Lechler 2347; type material seen in lib. Deless.). C. succirubra Pavon ex Klotzsch, Abh. Akad. Berl. 1857: 60. 1858 (type material (?) seen in hb. Berol., from Tucora in the hills of San Antonio). C. lutea Pavon ex Howard, Nueva Quinol. Pav. pi. 14 1862. C. obovata Pavon ex Howard, op. cit. pi. 18. 1862 (type from region of Huanuco, Pavdri). C. decurrentifolia Pavon ex Howard, op. cit. pi. 23. 1862. C. peruviana Howard, op. cit. pi. 27. 1862 (type from Cochero). C. subcordata Pavon ex Howard, loc. cit. 1862. C. viridiflora Pavon ex Howard, loc. cit. 1862. C. subsessilis Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 4: 272. 1868-69 (type from Peru, Hasskarl). C. caloptera Miq. op. cit. 273. 1868-69 (grown in Java from Peruvian seed). C. erythroderma Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 11: 362. 1869 (type from Rio Vilcomayo north of Cuzco). C. platy- phylla Wedd. loc. cit. 1869. C. elliptica Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 12: 60. 1869. C. Howardiana Kuntze, Monogr. Cinch. 30. 1878. A medium-sized tree, the trunk about 30 cm. in diameter, the branchlets pubescent; stipules large, ovate, obtuse or acute, sericeous or almost glabrous; leaves slender-petiolate, the blades usually large, commonly broadly ovate to orbicular, rounded to acute at the apex, cordate to acute at the base and often decurrent, usually glabrate above, beneath densely short-pilose or tomentose to glabrate, often scrobiculate; panicles usually large, often leafy, many-flowered, open, the flowers subsessile; hypanthium densely sericeous; calyx appressed-pilosulous, the teeth short and broad, acute; corolla red or pink, sericeous, 10-12 mm. long, the lobes half as long as the tube; capsule lanceolate or oblong, glabrate, commonly 1.5-2.5 cm. long. Negs. 93, 103, 106, 107, 571, 22802. Cajamarca: Huambos, 2,400 meters, Weberbauer 4202, 4195. Cuzco: San Miguel, Urubamba Valley, 1,800 meters, Cook & Gilbert 1173,1781. Torontoy, 2,400 meters, Cook & Gilbert 1 099. Huanuco : Pan de Azucar, Sawada 75. Rio Posuso, 2,300 meters, Weberbauer FLORA OF PERU 33 6782. Casapi, Mathews 1952. Junin: Jae"n, Bonpland. Chan- chamayo Valley, 1,600 meters, Schunke 1490, 546. Puno: Mountains near Sangabdn, Lechler 2347. Province of Carabaya, Weddell 4353. Bolivia to Colombia. "Cascarilla," "cascarilla boba," "cascarilla delgada," "cascarilla pata de gallinazo," "cascarilla fina," "cascarilla morada," "cascarilla pata de gallareta," "palo bianco," "quina de Chito y Ynta," "quina blanca," "cascarilla colorada," "cascarilla de Santa Ana," "quina amarilla," "carua-carua," "cargua-cargua," "cascarilla mula," "cascarilla zamba morada," "cascarilla de Carabaya." This species is almost as variable as C. officinalis. It is and has been one of the most important sources of the cinchona bark employed in medicine, if not the principal one. Cinchona umbellulifera Pavon ex Howard, 111. Nueva Quinol. Pav. pi. 22. 1862. Described from Peru, the type collected by Pavon. I have seen no material of the species, whose status is uncertain. 7. JOOSIA Karst. Trees with bitter bark; stipules caducous; leaves opposite, petiolate, herbaceous; inflorescence cymose or verticillate-umbellate, the flowers white, 5-parted; calyx large, 5-dentate, in bud open or subvalvate; corolla salverform, deeply lobed, each lobe provided with 2 petaloid, crispate appendages, the tube glabrous within; stamens inserted in the tube, the filaments short, the anthers linear; capsule linear, bisulcate, 2-celled ; seeds numerous, imbricate, winged. The genus consists only of the three species listed here. Capsule valves 1.5-2.5 cm. long, not spirally twisted after dehiscence. J. Dielsiana. Capsule valves 3.5-6.5 cm. long, spirally twisted after dehiscence. Leaves glabrous on the upper surface; inflorescence cymose- umbellate; capsule appressed -pilose J. umbellifera. Leaves appressed-pilose on the upper surface; inflorescence strictly dichotomous; capsule glabrous J. dichotoma. Joosia dichotoma (R. & P.) Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 9. 1858. Cinchona dichotoma R. & P. Fl. 2: 53. pi. 197. 1799. Ladenbergia dichotoma Klotzsch in Hayne, Arzneigew. 14: sub pi. 15. 1846. Cosmibuena dichotoma G. Don, Hist. Dichl. PI. 3: 479. 1834. A nearly glabrous shrub or tree 2-8 meters high; stipules oblong- obovate, obtuse, longer than the petioles, caducous; leaves short- 34 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII petiolate, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic, acute, at the base acute or obtuse, sericeous-pilose beneath; inflorescence rather few-flowered, the flowers secund, short-pedicellate; corolla about 17 mm. long, with a slender tube. Neg. 6641. Huanuco: Type from Chicoplaya, Tafalla in 1797. Loreto: Pampas de Ponasa, 1,200 meters, Ule 6795. Joosia Dielsiana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 219. 1936. A tree 6 meters high, the trunk 12 cm. in diameter; stipules narrowly oblong, 1 cm. long, obtuse, glabrate, deciduous; leaves 9-18 cm. long, petiolate, elliptic-oblong or narrowly elliptic, acutely acuminate, acute at the base, glabrous above, at first laxly appressed- pilose beneath, soon glabrate; inflorescence long-pedunculate, rather laxly few-flowered; corolla densely appressed-pilose, the slender tube greenish yellow, 11-12 mm. long, the lobes of equal length; capsule oblong, subterete, glabrate. Loreto: Upper Maranon, mouth of Rio Santiago, in upland forest, 160 meters, Tessmann 4478, type. The fruit is so unlike that of the other species that the tree might be considered worthy of generic segregation, but the curious corolla is very similar to that of the other species, and quite unlike the corolla of any other genus of the family. Joosia umbellifera Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 9. pi. 5. 1858; Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 159. pi. 100. 1889. A medium-sized tree; stipules linear-oblong, acute or subobtuse, 1.5 cm. long; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to obovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 10-22 cm. long, long-acuminate, acute to rounded at the base, appressed-pilose beneath on the veins; inflorescence 15 cm. long; calyx lobes triangular-ovate, acute; corolla subsericeous, 12-14 mm. long, the lobes ovate, each bearing at the apex 2 large, oval appendages; capsule 3.5-6.5 cm. long, 3 mm. wide. San Martin: Reported by Schumann from Tarapoto, Spruce 3944. Loreto: Balsapuerto, 220 meters, King 2943. Also in Colombia. The plant is described as a shrub of 2-3 meters or as a tree of 7-11 meters. The .flowers are pure white and sweet-scented. 8. MACROCNEMUM L. Shrubs or trees; stipules usually caducous; leaves opposite, petiolate; inflorescences axillary, often leafy, paniculate, the flowers FLORA OF PERU 35 usually showy, 5-parted; calyx persistent, short or elongate, 5-den- tate or lobate; corolla salverform or funnelform, the lobes valvate in bud, the tube pilose at the insertion of the stamens; stamens unequal, attached to the middle of the tube, exserted; capsule 2- celled, oblong or cylindric, bisulcate, loculicidal; seeds numerous, minute, compressed, narrowly winged. Leaves glabrous beneath but barbellate in the axils of the nerves, sometimes minutely appressed-pilose when young, but soon glabrate M . roseum. Leaves more or less densely pilose beneath with short, spreading hairs. Calyx lobes obtuse M. cinchonoides. Calyx lobes acute M. pilosinervium. Macrocnemum cinchonoides Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1: 76. 1854. Lasionema cinchonoides Wedd. Hist. Quinquin. 99. 1849. Leaves short-petiolate, the blades obovate or oblanceolate- oblong, acute, narrowed to the base, glabrous above, short-pilose beneath, the veins glabrate; calyx lobes short, obtuse; branches of the panicle densely rusty-pilose; capsule linear-clavate, arcuate, 1.5-2 cm. long. "Cascarilla bruta." Neg. 183. Puno: Humid forests, Tambopata, Province of Carabaya, Weddell 4349, type material. Probably both this and M. pilosinervium are only variants of M. roseum, and not worthy of specific rank. Macrocnemum pilosinervium Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 326. 1929. Branchlets densely appressed-pilose; leaves short-petiolate, the blades obovate or oblong-obovate, 15-22 cm. long, acute, acute at the base or attenuate, glabrous above, densely spreading-pilose beneath and with dense, subappressed hairs along the veins; inflo- rescences long-pedunculate, densely many-flowered, the branches appressed-pilosulous; corolla glabrous, the tube 1 cm. long, the rounded lobes 2-2.5 mm. long; immature capsule 8 mm. long. Type from Peru, without locality, Mathews in 1862. Macrocnemum roseum (R. & P.) Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1: 76. 1854. Cinchona rosea R. & P. Fl. 2: 54. pi. 199. 1799. C. fusca Ruiz ex Vitm. Summa Suppl. 1 : 262. 1802. Lasionema roseum Don, Edinb. Phil. Mag. 2: 377. 1833. C. Tarantaron Pav. ex Wedd. 36 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Hist. Quinquin. 64. 1840, in syn. M. Sprucei Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 44. 1896. A shrub or tree, as much as 15 meters high and probably larger, nearly glabrous; leaves petiolate, the blades obovate to oblong, obtuse, cuneately narrowed to the base, firm, mostly 6-15 cm. long and 3-7 cm. wide; inflorescence rusty-pilosulous or sometimes glabrate; corolla pink, glabrous outside, about 12 mm. long; capsule 1.5-2 cm. long. Negs. 185, 564, 6643. Amazonas: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 3509. Maranon Valley, Tessmann 3835. Huanuco! Described from Posuso and San Antonio de Playa (type material seen). Posuso, 600 meters, Mac- bride 4588. Pampayacu, Sawada 15. Rio Posuso, Weberbauer 6751. Loreto: Lower Rio Huallaga, 200 meters, Williams 1+957. Cahipuerto, 250 meters, Klug 3123. Puerto Arturo, 135 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 27898. Pumayacu, 600-1,200 meters, Klug 3202. Madre de Dios(?): Seringal San Francisco, Rio Acre, Ule 9862. San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 5468; Spruce 3972. Campana, near Tarapoto, Spruce 4367. Pongo de Cainarachi, 230 meters, Klug 2631. Juan Jui, Alto Rio Huallaga, 400 meters, Klug 3788. Without locality, Pavon. Also in Bolivia and Brazil. "Palo de San Juan," "asmonich," "cascarillo pardo." Ruiz and Pavon state that the flowers were used for decoration in the churches. 9. REMIJIA DC. Shrubs or trees; stipules binate or quaternate; leaves opposite or verticillate, petiolate, usually coriaceous; inflorescence axillary, paniculate, with opposite branches, 5-parted; calyx dentate or lobate; corolla salverform, the tube glabrous within, the lobes mostly coriaceous, glabrous on the margins, valvate in bud ; stamens inserted on the tube, included or subexserted, the anthers linear; capsule 2-celled, loculicidal, the valves woody, bifid; seeds peltately attached, winged. Capsules 8-10 mm. long; leaf blades attenuate to the narrow base; hypanthium glabrous or nearly so R. megistocaula. Capsules 12-15 mm. long; leaf blades merely acute at the base or often obtuse; hypanthium densely appressed-pilose. R. peruviana. Remijia megistocaula Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 319. 1908. A tree up to 30 meters high, the branchlets puberulent; stipules 3-3.5 cm. long, ovate, acuminate, glabrate, soon deciduous; leaves FLORA OF PERU 37 short-petiolate or almost sessile, the blades coriaceous, lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate, 25^10 cm. long, 12-16 cm. wide, or sometimes smaller, glabrate, short-acuminate; inflorescences large and many- flowered, ferruginous-pilose; capsule narrowly pyriform, glabrous. Negs. 161, 162. Huanuco: Between Monzon and Rio Huallaga, 700 meters, Weberbauer 3687, type collection. Remijia peruviana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 156. 1930. A shrub or tree as much as 10 meters high; stipules deciduous, oval or oblong, obtuse or rounded at the apex; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, the blades coriaceous, elliptic or broadly ovate, 8-17 cm. long, 4-9 cm. wide, acute, beneath minutely appressed- pilosulous, especially on the veins, or glabrate; panicles long-peduncu- late, many-flowered, about equaling the leaves, densely fulvous- pilosulous; calyx lobes ovate or lanceolate, acute; corolla white, densely fulvous-sericeous, the tube 8-11 mm. long, the attenuate lobes 5-6 mm. long; capsule narrowly oblong, sparsely appressed- pilosulous. "Cascarilla," "asar lisa," "collar lisa." "Quina" (Colombia). Loreto: Balsapuerto, 220 meters, King 3072. Near Marana, vicinity of Iquitos, Williams 1512 (type), 1511. Forest between Nanay and Napo rivers, Williams 675. Punchana, Williams 1333, 8022. San Juan, in forest, Williams 3738. Morona-cocha, 115 meters, Mexia 651 2a. Palta-cocha, Alto Nanay, Williams 3190. Nauta, Rio Ucayali, Spruce 3857. Mishuyacu, 100 meters, Klug 1340, 1203. Iquitos, Tessmann 3661, 5095; Killip & Smith 26973, 27296. Rio Nanay, Williams 340. San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4581, 4263; Williams 6107, 6670, 6322. Also in Colombia. 10. PIMENTELIA Wedd. Trees; stipules free, covered at the base with resin; leaves oppo- site, short-petiolate, subcoriaceous; inflorescence axillary, paniculate, small, the flowers sessile; hypanthium turbinate, puberulent; calyx short, persistent, the teeth triangular; capsule linear-oblong, short, 2-celled, septicidally dehiscent from apex to base, the valves entire; seeds numerous, minute, linear-lanceolate, winged. The genus was named for Don Pablo Pimentel, once governor of the Province of Carabaya. It consists of a single species. Pimentelia glomerata Wedd. Monogr. Cinchon. 94. pi. 27, B. 1849. 38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII A tree 5-6 meters high, the trunk 20-30 cm. in diameter, the branchlets glabrous, resinous; stipules ovate, obtuse, glabrous; leaf blades oblong-obovate, 20-25 cm. long, 10-13 cm. wide, rounded to short-acuminate, acute at the base, pilosulous beneath in the axils of the nerves, otherwise glabrous; panicles opposite, rounded, many- flowered, the short branches glabrate; capsule 1 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, glabrate. Neg. 160. Puno: Type collected in the mountains of Carabaya, growing with various species of Cinchona and Ladenbergia, Weddell; photo, seen of specimen in hb. Berol. "Ueno-ueno," "beno-beno." 11. LADENBERGIA Klotzsch Shrubs or small trees, pubescent or almost glabrous; stipules free or united, caducous; leaves opposite, petiolate, small or large, often coriaceous; flowers large or medium-sized, disposed in terminal panicles, these leafless and with opposite branches; calyx commonly 5-dentate or 5-lobate; corolla salverform, pilose, the lobes valvate, short-papillose on the margins or over the inner surface; stamens included, the anthers linear; capsule usually cylindric, dehiscent from the apex, woody or coriaceous; seeds broadly winged. The species of this genus, closely related to Cinchona, are almost as difficult of discrimination as in the latter. Since they are of little economic importance, less attention has been given to them by botanists and pharmacists, and their synonymy is, therefore, far less involved. Corolla 7-10 mm. long;' capsule 1-2 cm. long. Leaves acuminate, pilose beneath in the axils of the nerves, otherwise glabrous or nearly so L. pedunculata. Corolla 1.8-5.5 cm. long; capsules usually larger. Leaves conspicuously bullate, oblanceolate-oblong, short-hispid beneath on the veins. Capsules about 4.5 cm. long .L. bullata. Leaves not bullate, not short-hispid beneath, usually broadest at or below the middle. Calyx 7 mm. wide or more in anthesis; corolla tube very thick and broad ; stipules connate into a cap. Leaf blades acute at the base, densely pubescent beneath L. crassifolia. Calyx much narrower; corolla tube slender; stipules free or nearly so. Leaves densely pubescent or tomentose beneath, the pubes- cence persistent. FLORA OF PERU 39 Leaf blades acute at the base, oblong or obovate-oblong. L. Riveroana. Leaf blades rounded or subcordate at the base, broadly oval to elliptic or rounded. Lobes of the corolla almost equaling the tube, the corolla less than 2 cm. long L. gavanensis. Lobes of the corolla much shorter than the tube, the corolla more than 3 cm. long. Corolla 3.5 cm. long L. malacophylla. Corolla 4.5-5 cm. long L. Carua. Leaves glabrous or glabrate beneath except sometimes on the veins, the pubescence, if any, chiefly deciduous. Calyx repand-dentate or shallowly lobate, the lobes shorter than the tube. Leaves glabrous, paler beneath, 2-4.5 cm. wide. L. discolor. Leaves pubescent beneath on the veins, broader. L. ferruginea. Calyx deeply lobate, usually to below the middle. Calyx lobes rounded-ovate, obtuse. . . .L. heterophylla. Calyx lobes ovate or lanceolate, acuminate to acutish. Hypanthium glabrous. Leaf blades 5-6.5 cm. long, rounded-obovate, glabrous L. coriacea. Hypanthium densely pilose or sericeous. Corolla 2 cm. long or less. Leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, acute at the base. L. stenocarpa. Leaf blades chiefly elliptic or ovate and obtuse to rounded at the base L. magnifolia. Corolla 3-3.5 cm. long. Leaf blades rounded at the base; pubescence of the hypanthium spreading. . . .L. acutifolia. Leaf blades acute or obtuse at the base; pubescence of the hypanthium appressed . .L. graciliflora. Ladenbergia acutifolia (R. & P.) Klotzsch in Hayne, Arznei- gew. 14: sub pi. 15. 1846. Cinchona acutifolia R. & P. Fl. 3: 1. pi. 225. 1802. Cascarilla acutifolia Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 11. 1848. Buena acutifolia Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 186. 1869. 40 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII A shrub or tree 3-7 meters high, the branches glabrate; stipules ovate, acute; leaves petiolate, the blades ovate-lanceolate to lance- oblong, sometimes 20 cm. long, acute or acuminate, rounded at the base, coriaceous, glabrous and shining above, pilosulous beneath on the veins; inflorescence long-pedunculate, small, many-flowered, the branches tomentulose, the flowers subsessile; calyx lobes lan- ceolate; corolla white, 3 cm. long, the lobes shorter than the tube; capsule oblanceolate, about 3 cm. long, pubescent. Negs. 136, 6642. Huanuco: Type from Chicoplaya, Ruiz & Pavon; authentic specimen seen in hb. Deless., and photos, ex hb. Berol. "Cascarilla." Ladenbergia bullata (Wedd.) Standl. Trop. Woods 34: 41. 1933. Cascarilla bullata Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 11. 1848. Buena bullata Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 187. 1869. A shrub or tree 3-5 meters high, the branchlets glabrate; stipules oblong; leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblanceolate-oblong, 15-20 cm. long, 4-8 cm. wide, acute or acutish at each end, conspicuously bullate, almost glabrous, coriaceous, shining above; panicle few- flowered, corymbose, the branches ferruginous-pilose; calyx lobes lanceolate; capsule oblong, 4-8 cm. long, 6-10 mm. wide, glabrate. Negs. 127, 25714. Puno: Described from the valleys of Tambopata and San Juan del Oro, at 2,000-2,500 meters, Weddell; authentic material seen in hb. Deless. Between Yuncacoya and Ramospata, Raimondi 10068. "Cargua-cargua," "cargua-cargua chica." Ladenbergia Garua (Wedd.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 274. 1931. Cascarilla Carua Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 12. 1848. Cinchona Carua Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 4: 275. 1868-69. Buena Carua Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 187. 1869. A tree, the branchlets ferruginous- tomentose; stipules large, obtuse or rounded, tomentose; leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblong or oval, very large, 30-40 cm. long and more, obtuse or acute, cordate or rounded at the base, pubescent or glabrate above, ferruginous- tomentose beneath; panicles large, rather few-flowered, the white flowers very fragrant; calyx teeth short, triangular; corolla densely sericeous, 4.5-5 cm. long, the lobes more than half as long as the tube; capsule 3.5-5 cm. long, tomentose. Reported by Weddell from the departments of Cuzco and Puno (Province of Carabaya). Also in Bolivia. "Cargua-cargua," "car- gua-cargua grande." "Carua," "cascarilla de mula" (Bolivia). FLORA OF PERU 41 Ladenbergia coriacea Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 318. 1908. A shrub or small tree 4 meters high; stipules triangular, acute, 4-6 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, stiff-coriaceous, the blades rounded-obovate or broadly elliptic, 5-6 cm. long, 3-3.5 cm. wide, obtuse to rounded and apiculate at the apex, acutish to rounded at the base, glabrous; panicles many-flowered, rather dense; hypan- thium glabrous, the triangular calyx lobes acute; corolla puberulent, the tube 15-18 mm. long, the lobes oblong, 8-10 mm. long; capsule rather broadly oblong, 15-18 mm. long, glabrous. Neg. 128. Amazonas: Molinopampa east of Chachapoyas, 2,000-2,300 meters, Weberbauer 4331, type; photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol. Chachapoyas, Mathews. Ladenbergia crassifolia (Pa von) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 200. 1931. Cinchona crassifolia Pavon ex DC. Bibl. Univ. 41: 150. 1829; Prodr. 4: 354. 1830. Cascarilla calyptrata Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 13. 1848. Buena crassifolia Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 187. 1869. A tree, the branchlets densely ferruginous-tomentose; stipules connate into a cap that encloses the buds; leaves petiolate, the blades coriaceous, oblong to narrowly elliptic, mostly 15-20 cm. long, acutish, attenuate to the base, glabrous and lustrous above, densely puberulent beneath; panicles corymbiform, few-flowered, the branches ferruginous-tomentose; calyx short, the broadly tri- angular lobes acute or obtuse; corolla tube thick, densely sericeous, 2.5 cm. long, the narrow lobes slightly shorter; capsules 4-7 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, becoming glabrate. Neg. 25716. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1,500 meters, Schunke 297. Without locality, Pavdn. Also in southern Ecuador, where it was first collected by Ruiz and Pavon in the region of Loja. The Peruvian plant has been confused with the closely related L. macrocarpa (Vahl) Klotzsch, and the latter has been reported from Peru, apparently in error, the collections so reported being really from southern Ecuador. Ladenbergia discolor Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 146. 1889. A shrub 1-4 meters high, the branchlets at first ferruginous- tomentulose, soon glabrate; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades oblong or ovate-oblong, 7-10 cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. wide, acute or subobtuse at each end, lustrous, glabrous, paler beneath; inflores- 42 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII cence dense, 4-5 cm. long, the branches pilosulous, the flowers sub- sessile; calyx repand-dentate or undulate; corolla white, sericeous, 18 mm. long, the lobes half as long as the tube, linear, acute. Neg. 140. Loreto: Canela Ucsha, 1,000 meters, Vie 6767. San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4%47, type collection. Between Tarapoto and Chasuta, Raimondi 1195. Ladenbergia ferruginea Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 336. 1931. A shrub 4 meters high, the branchlets densely ferruginous-his- pidulous; leaves slender-petiolate, subcoriaceous, the blades oblong- elliptic or lance-oblong, 14-25 cm. long, 5.5-9 cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate, narrowed to the acute base, ferruginous-pilose beneath on the veins; panicles dense and many-flowered, the branches ferruginous- tomentose, the flowers pedicellate; calyx 3.5 mm. long, sparsely pilose, the teeth triangular, acute or apiculate; corolla white, appressed-pilose, the tube 10-12 mm. long, the lobes 6-7 mm. long. Puno: Chunchusmayo, in forest near the river, 900 meters, Weber- bauer 1175, type. Ladenbergia gavanensis (Schlecht.) Standl., comb. nov. Cascarilla gavanensis Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 730. 1854. Leaves petiolate, subcoriaceous, the blades rounded-oval, 25 cm. long or more, obtuse or rounded at each end or sometimes acutish, densely ferruginous-tomentose beneath; panicles rather open, many-flowered, the branches puberulent; hypanthium densely pubescent, the calyx teeth broadly triangular, acute; corolla densely tomentose, the tube 8 mm. long, the narrow lobes 7 mm. long. Neg. 126. Puno: Mountains near Sangaban, Lechler, type; photo, seen ex hb. Berol. The species was based upon scant material and its status is uncertain. Ladenbergia graciliflora Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 145. 1889. A small tree, the branchlets rufous- tomentulose; stipules lance- oblong, more than 2 cm. long, attenuate; leaves slender-petiolate, subcoriaceous, the blades oblong or ovate, 11-13 cm. long, 5-6.5 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, obtuse or rounded at the base, lustrous, at first puberulent but soon glabrate; panicles 6-8 cm. long, dense, FLORA OF PERU 43 many-flowered, the branches puberulent, the flowers short-pedicel- late; calyx lobes triangular-lanceolate, glabrous or nearly so; corolla white, 3-3.5 cm. long, tomentulose, the narrow lobes less than half as long as the tube; capsule linear, glabrous, 4-5 cm. long. Negs. 154, 141. San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4581, type collection. Also in Goyaz, Brazil. Ladenbergia heterophylla (Wedd.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 18. 1930. Cascarilla heterophylla Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 10. 1848. Buena heterophylla Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 186. 1869. Branchlets pubescent; stipules ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse; leaves short-petiolate, submembranaceous, the blades rounded- ovate, 10-30 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, glabrate above, pilosulous beneath in the axils of the nerves; panicle corymbose, the branches tomentulose; calyx lobes rounded-ovate, obtuse; corolla twice as long as the calyx, tomentulose; capsule 10-15 cm. long, 12-15 mm. wide. Reported by Weddell from Peru, without indication of the local- ity; also in Colombia. I have seen no material representative of this species. Ladenbergia magnifolia (R. & P.) Klotzsch in Hayne, Arz- neigew. 14: sub. pi. 15. 1846. Cinchona magnifolia R. & P. Fl. 2: 53. pi. 196. 1799. Cinchona grandifolia Poir. Encycl. 6: 38. 1804. Cinchona caduciflora H. & B. PI. Aequin. 168. 1813. Cascarilla magnifolia, C. caduciflora, C. rostrata Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 10. 1848. Cascarilla magnifolia var. vulgaris, var. caduciflora, var. rostrata Wedd. Hist. Nat. Quinq. 79. 1849. Cinchona lutescens Ruiz ex Vitm. Summa, Suppl. 1: 262. 1802. A small or medium-sized tree with cinnamon-brown bark; stipules 2-3 cm. long, acute, sericeous; leaves long-petiolate, cori- aceous, the blades elliptic to oblong-ovate, 10-30 cm. long, 7-20 cm. wide, acute or obtuse, acute to rounded at the base, glabrous above and often shining, beneath pubescent or usually almost glabrate but barbellate in the axils of the nerves; panicles usually large and open, many-flowered; calyx lobes triangular-ovate, acute, tomentulose; corolla white or pink, sericeous, 1.5 cm. long, the lobes about equaling the tube; capsule linear-oblong or lanceolate, 2.5-7 cm. long, 7-10 mm. broad, glabrate. Negs. 156-158, 575. Huanuco: Described from Chinchao, Cochero, and Chacahuasi, Ruiz & Pavdn; authentic material seen, ex hb. Berol. Posuso, 600 44 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII meters, 4705. Cajamarca: Jae"n, Humboldt & Bonpland, type material of C. caduciflora; seen in hb. Deless. Junin: La Merced, 1,200 meters, 5759, 5725. Chanchamayo Valley, 1,500 meters, Schunke 270. Loreto: Balsapuerto, 220 meters, Klug 3035. Puma- yacu, Klug 3142. Iquitos, in forest, Williams 3781. Mishuyacu, Klug 1345, 1387; Killip & Smith 29952. San Martin: Tarapoto, Mt. Campana, Spruce 484$- Bolivia to Colombia. "Cascarilla boba," "cascarilla amarilla," "cascarilla flor de azahar." The tree once was believed to furnish quinine, but it was found later that its bark possessed no value as a drug. The tree is said to be highly ornamental when covered with its handsome white flowers, which exhale an odor suggestive of orange or jasmine blossoms. Ladenbergia malacophylla Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 157. 1930. A tree 6-12 meters high, the branchlets densely tomentose; leaves petiolate, firm-membranaceous, the blades broadly oval or elliptic, 22-26 cm. long, 14-18 cm. wide, obtuse or almost rounded at the apex, broadly rounded or shallowly cordate at the base, pilosulous above, velutinous-pilose beneath; panicles rather large and many- flowered, the branches fulvous-tomentose, the flowers sessile or short-pedicellate; hypanthium densely pilose, the calyx 2-2.5 mm. long, the lobes ovate or triangular, acute or subobtuse; corolla white, densely sericeous, the slender tube 22-24 mm. long, the lobes half as long; capsule oblong, 2.5-4.5 cm. long, sparsely puberulent or pilosulous. Junin: Porvenir, Pichis Trail, in dense forest, 1,500-1,900 meters, Killip & Smith 25914, type; 25434- Ecuador. Ladenbergia pedunculata (Karst.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 146. 1889. Cinchona pedunculata Karst. in Koch & Fint. Wochenschr. 2: 30. 1859; Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 53. pi. 36. 1859. Remijia pedunculata Flueck. Chinarinde 17. pi. 6. 1883. A small tree 3-4.5 meters high, the young branches sericeous; stipules obovate, sericeous-pilose; leaves petiolate, coriaceous, the blades lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, 6-17 cm. long, 3-8 cm. wide, acuminate, at the base attenuate to subcordate, when young minutely appressed-pilose, pilose beneath in the axils of the nerves; inflores- cences terminal and axillary, long-pedunculate, the branches pilo- sulous, the flowers subsessile; calyx lobes ovate or subulate, glabrous, sometimes ciliate; corolla white, 7-10 mm. long, appressed-pilose, FLORA OF PERU 45 the lobes equaling the tube; capsules 1-2 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, glabrous. San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4263. Also in Colombia. Ladenbergia Riveroana (Wedd.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 201. 1931. Cinchona oblongifolia Lamb. 111. Cinch. 12. 1821, non Mutis, 1793. Cascarilla Riveroana Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 11. 1848. A tree, the branchlets ferruginous-tomentose or finally glabrate; stipules ovate-oblong, tomentose; leaves thin-coriaceous, short- petiolate, the blades oblong-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 15-25 cm. long, 9-15 cm. wide, acute at each end or more rarely obtuse, puberu- lent or glabrate above, tomentose or puberulent beneath, with rusty pubescence; panicles rather large and many-flowered, ferruginous- tomentose; hypanthium tomentose, the calyx teeth ovate, acutish, tomentulose; corolla pilose, the tube 7-15 mm. long, the lobes 6-8 mm. long; capsule linear-lanceolate, 4-6 cm. long, ferruginous- tomentose. Neg. 113. Junin: Huacapistana, 1,800-2,400 meters, Killip & Smith 24214, a shrub or tree 3-3.5 meters high. San Martin: Zepelacio, 1,200- 1,600 meters, Klug 3515. Bolivia to Ecuador. "Azahar macho," "azahar hembra." Klug describes the species as a tree of 5 meters with white flowers. Ladenbergia stenocarpa (Lamb.) Klotzsch in Hayne, Arz- neigew. 14: sub pi. 15. 1846. Cinchona stenocarpa Lamb. 111. Cinch. 13. 1821. Cascarilla stenocarpa Wedd. Hist. Nat. Quinq. 81. 1849. Buena stenocarpa Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 186. 1869. Branchlets glabrate; stipules ovate; leaves short-petiolate, sub- membranaceous, the blades oblong-lanceolate, acute at each end, 12-15 cm. long, glabrous or pilose beneath along the costa; panicle open, many-flowered, the branches puberulent; hypanthium tomentu- lose, the calyx teeth ovate, acutish; corolla puberulent, the tube 13- 15 mm. long, the lobes 9-10 mm. long; capsule linear, 3.5 cm. long. Neg. 135. Cajamarca: Type from Jae"n, Pavdn; photo, of authentic material seen, ex hb. Berol. "Cascarilla azaharito." 12. C API RON A Spruce Trees with large stipules; leaves large, opposite, petiolate; inflorescence terminal, paniculate, the flowers showy, 5-parted, zygomorphic; calyx cupular, 5-dentate, one of the teeth often 46 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII expanded into a large, foliaceous, colored limb; corolla somewhat gibbous from a tubular base, the limb campanulate and subbilabiate, the short lobes contorted in bud ; stamens inserted above the base of the tube, the filaments villous at the base, the anthers linear; capsule clavate or obovate, 2-celled, septicidally bivalvate; seeds numerous, winged. Capirona decorticans Spruce, Journ. Linn. Soc. 3: 200. 1859; Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 195. pi. 107. 1888. A tree 13-16 meters high with reddish brown bark; stipules more or less foliaceous, acute or acuminate, 3-6 cm. long; leaves almost sessile, oblong to oval, 22-45 cm. long, obtuse or short-acuminate, very obtuse to subcordate at the base, almost glabrous; panicles 15-20 cm. long or more; calyx 3-4 mm. long, the expanded lobe obo- vate-spatulate, 5-7 cm. long, red, attenuate at the base; corolla 2.5-3 cm. long, the lobes ovate, obtuse; capsule 2-3 cm. long, woody. "Capirona negra." San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4202, type collection. Tarapoto, in forest, Williams 6070. Also in Colombia. 13. HILLIA Jacq. Shrubs, usually epiphytic, glabrous, with thick branches; stipules membranaceous, caducous; leaves opposite, fleshy, drying thick and hard; flowers large and showy, solitary or clustered, surrounded by an involucre of leaves or bracts, 4-6-parted ; calyx none or composed of 2-6 free or short-connate segments, persistent or caducous; corolla salverform or funnelform-tubular, the lobes contorted, the throat glabrous; stamens inserted below the throat of the corolla, included, the anthers oblong; fruit a cylindric capsule, somewhat attenuate at each end, septicidally bivalvate; seeds fusiform, bearing a tuft of hairs at one end. Leaves small, mostly 7-8 mm. wide -. H. Macbridei. Leaves comparatively large, commonly 2-8 cm. wide. Corolla tube conspicuously dilated in the throat and 1.5-2.5 cm. wide ; calyx lobes persistent. Leaf blades rounded or very obtuse at the base, mostly 2-3.5 cm. wide; corolla about 4 cm. long H. Ulei. Leaf blades acute at the base, 4-7 cm. wide; corolla about 5.5 cm. long H. illustris. Corolla tube slender, scarcely dilated in the throat and less than 1 cm. wide; calyx lobes deciduous. FLORA OF PERU 47 Veins of the leaves conspicuous; lobes of the corolla about half as long as the tube H. Killipii. Veins of the leaves obscure or obsolete; lobes of the corolla less than one-third as long as the tube. Leaf blades elliptic or oblong-elliptic, rounded to acute at the base H. parasitica. Leaf blades narrowly oblanceolate-oblong, attenuate to the base H. Weberbaueri. Hillia illustris (Veil.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 202. 1889. Saldanha illustris Veil. Fl. Flum. 3: pi. 157. 1827; text, ed. Netto 134. Leaves short-petiolate, thick and hard when dried, the blades elliptic or broadly elliptic-ovate, 10-16 cm. long, abruptly acuminate; flowers solitary, subtended by 2 large stipules, these 1.5-2 cm. long, obtuse; calyx lobes 6, linear-subulate, herbaceous, 1.5-2 cm. long; corolla white, the short lobes ovate-rounded, recurved; capsule 10 cm. long and 1 cm. thick. Neg. 234. Loreto: Rio Itaya, in forest, Williams 99. Extending to Brazil and the Guianas. Hillia Killipii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 159. 1930. Described as a tree 3-4.5 meters high; stipules narrowly oblong, rounded at the apex, 2.5 cm. long; petioles slender, 1-1.5 cm. long; leaf blades comparatively thin, elliptic-oblong, 7.5-9.5 cm. long, 3-3.5 cm. wide, abruptly long-acuminate, acute at the base; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile, subtended by 2 stipules; calyx obsolete; corolla white, the slender tube 8 cm. long, the 6 lobes lance-linear, 4-4.5 cm. long. Junin: Between San Nicolas and Azupizu, in dense forest, 650- 900 meters, Killip & Smith 26085, type. Loreto: Pumayacu, 100-600 meters, a liana on a tree, Klug 3145. Hillia Macbridei Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 277. 1929. A small epiphytic shrub; stipules lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, caducous, 1.5-2 cm. long; petioles 3-5 mm. long; leaf blades lanceo- late, 2-3 cm. long, narrowed to the subobtuse apex, acute at base, the veins obsolete; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile; calyx persistent, the 5 lobes oblong-ovate, obtuse, 5 mm. long; capsule narrowly clavate, 5.5-6.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide. 48 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Junin: La Merced, 1,200 meters, Macbride 5760, type. Chan- chamayo Valley, 1,500 meters, Schunke 436. Above San Ramon, 1,300-1,700 meters, Schunke AlOO. Hillia parasitica Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 18. 1760. Cosmibuena acuminata R. & P. Fl. 3: 4. pi. 226. 1802. Buena acuminata DC. Prodr. 4: 356. 1830. H. odorata Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 321. 1908. A glabrous, epiphytic shrub, sometimes as much as 2 meters high, with stout branches; stipules 8-12 mm. long or more, obtuse; pet- ioles thick, 2-7 mm. long; leaf blades mostly 5-11 cm. long, short- acuminate; flowers solitary, sessile; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, obtuse, 4 mm. long; corolla white, the tube 6.5-12 cm. long, the 6 lobes linear-lanceolate to oblong; capsule cylindric, 7-9 cm. long. Negs. 235, 236 (H. odorata}. Amazonas: East of Chachapoyas, Weberbauer 4364- Huanuco: Type of Cosmibuena acuminata from Chicoplaya, Ruiz & Pavon. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, Schunke 290. Huacapistana, 1,800 meters, Weberbauer 2152, type of H. odorata (photo, and fragm. seen, ex hb. Berol.). Ranging to Brazil, Mexico, and the West Indies. Hillia Ulei Krause, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50: 97. 1908. A glabrous epiphyte with stout branches; leaves short-petiolate, the blades broadly ovate or elliptic, 4-6.5 cm. long, obtusely short- acuminate or acute, rather conspicuously palmate-nerved, very thick; flowers terminal, solitary, pedicellate; calyx lobes 6, linear, 10-12 mm. long; corolla grass-green, the tube gradually narrowed from throat to base, the lobes short and broad ; capsule 8-10 cm. long. Neg. 237. Loreto: Near Yurimaguas, Ule 6303, type (photo, and fragm. seen ex hb. Berol.). Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, Klug 1182. Hillia Weberbaueri Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 214. 1936. A glabrous epiphyte with stout branches; stipules oblong, obtuse, 18 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, the blades narrowly oblanceolate-oblong, 8.5-13.5 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. wide, abruptly rather long-acuminate, long-attenuate to the base, with about 8 pairs of lateral nerves; flowers terminal, solitary; calyx none or caducous; corolla 6-parted, the very slender tube 7 cm. long, the lobes oblong, obtuse, 1.5 cm. long. Without locality: Weberbauer 6955, type. FLORA OF PERU 49 14. COSMIBUENA R. & P. Glabrous shrubs, usually epiphytic, often scandent; stipules caducous; leaves opposite, thick and fleshy; flowers large and showy, pedicellate, solitary or clustered, 5-6-parted; calyx 5-6- lobate, circumscissile at the base; corolla salverform, the lobes contorted, fleshy, the tube rather slender and much elongate; stamens inserted below the throat of the corolla, the anthers linear; capsule oblong or cylindric, 2-celled; seeds numerous, oblong or lanceolate, winged, the wings fimbriate or erose at the apex. Cosmibuena grandiflora (R. & P.) Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 4: 368. 1907. Cinchona grandiflora R. & P. Fl. 2: 54. pi. 198. 1799. C. obtusifolia R. & P. Fl. 3: 3. pi. 198. 1802. Buena obtusifolia DC. Prodr. 4: 356. 1830. A small or large, epiphytic shrub; leaves on stout petioles, the blades elliptic to obovate, 8-13 cm. long or larger, rounded at the apex, acute at the base, very thick, the nerves inconspicuous; calyx 10-12 mm. long, tubular below, soon deciduous; disk large and conspicuous; corolla white, the tube 6-9 cm. long, the lobes oblong, obtuse, about 2.5 cm. long; capsule 4-5 cm. long. Neg. 240. Huanuco: Type from Posuso, Ruiz & Pavon. Monzon, 900 meters, Weberbauer 3502. Junin: Reported by Ruiz and Pavon from Pueblo Nuevo de San Antonio de Chicoplaya. Loreto: Moyobamba, 800 meters, Weberbauer JtflS. San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4179. Department uncertain: Without locality, Pavdn; Maclean. Ranging from Colombia to Bolivia. 15. CALYCOPHYLLUM DC. Trees with opposite leaves; stipules caducous; flowers small, 4-8-parted, arranged in terminal cymes, the bracts and bractlets large and membranaceous and enclosing the buds; calyx almost obsolete or of short segments, one of the segments in some of the flowers often expanded into a large, colored limb; corolla short- funnelform, lobed to the middle or more deeply, the segments imbricate in bud, the throat villous; stamens inserted in the throat, long-exserted ; capsule costate, elongate, 2-celled, septicidally bival- vate; seeds small, winged. Calycophyllum Spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f. ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 191. pi. 106. 1889. Eukylista Spruceana Benth. Kew Card. Misc. 5: 230. 1853. 50 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII A tree 15-27 meters high, with brown bark; leaves petiolate, the blades oblong to oblong-ovate, acute or obtuse, acute to obtuse at the base, 9-17 cm. long, minutely puberulent beneath at first but soon glabrate, barbate in the axils of the nerves; cymes dense and many-flowered, the inflorescences at first wholly enclosed by the thin bracts; calyx 6-9-dentate, the lobes all minute; corolla white, 6-7 mm. long, the lobes spreading; hypanthium densely white- pilosulous; capsule oblong, 8-11 mm. long, densely appressed- pilose. Neg. 8601. Loreto: La Victoria on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 3010, 2855. Lower Rio Nanay, Williams 455. Iquitos, Williams 8033. Yurimaguas, Williams 4486. Rio Huallaga, Spruce. Rio Ucayali, Tessmann 3378. Balsapuerto, 220 meters, Klug 3005. Rancho Indiana, 110 meters, Mexia 6458. Florida, Rio Putumayo, riverside forest, 180 meters, Klug 2190. Fortaleza, 140 meters, Klug 2814. Also in eastern Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil. "Capirona." Huber reports the tree as common along the lower Ucayali, where it forms forests known as capironales. The Brazilian name is "pao mulato." The wood is said to be strong, yellowish blackish, and useful for making various utensils and for construction purposes. It also is used extensively as firewood. Mrs. Mexia states that the bark is glossy and dark red, and that the flowers are slightly fragrant. 16. LORETOA Standl. Large, glabrous trees; stipules large, persistent; leaves opposite, petiolate, coriaceous; flowers large, 5-parted, sessile or pedicellate, arranged in a large, terminal, sessile panicle composed of numerous open cymes; calyx cupular, shallowly 5-6-dentate, densely sericeous within; corolla clavate-funnelform, the short lobes contorted; anthers basiflxed, on slender filaments inserted above the base of the tube; ovary 2-celled, the ovules peltately imbricate, winged. The genus consists of a single known species. Loretoa peruviana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 222. 1936. A tree 20 meters high; stipules 3.5 cm. long, very obtuse or acutish; leaf blades broadly elliptic or suborbicular, 15-18 cm. long, 12 cm. wide, rounded at the apex, very obtuse or rounded at the base; panicle 25 cm. long, with numerous large, spreading bracts, the pedicels bracteolate; calyx 3 mm. high and 7-10 mm. wide; corolla rose-garnet, almost 4 cm. long, the tube 12 mm. wide near the middle, the rounded lobes 8 mm. long. FLORA OF PERU . 51 Loreto: Florida on the Rio Putumayo, 200 meters, in forest, King 2022, type. Called "meta guais." The fruit of this tree is not known, and there is consequently some doubt regarding the proper position of the genus. 17. FERDINANDUSA Pohl Trees or shrubs, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; stipules caducous; leaves opposite, often coriaceous, short-petiolate; flowers 4-5- parted, cymose-paniculate; calyx cupular, shortly dentate; corolla funnelform, the lobes sometimes recurved, bifid at the apex, con- torted in bud, glabrous; anthers sessile, exserted or included; ovary turbinate or oblong, 2-celled ; capsule globose to cylindric, bisulcate, bivalvate from the apex; seeds winged. Corolla tube 3-4.5 cm. long; leaves with short scattered hairs on the lower surface F. loretensis. Corolla tube less than 1.5 cm. long; leaves glabrous. . .F. chlorantha. Ferdinandusa chlorantha (Wedd.) Standl. Trop. Woods 34: 41. 1933. Gomphosia chlorantha Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 14. 1848. G. laxiflora Benth. in Hook. Kew Journ. 5: 232. 1853. F. andina Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1: 78. 1854. A shrub or tree 3-20 meters high or more, glabrous throughout; stipules lanceolate; leaves very shortly petiolate, the blades coria- ceous, ovate to oblong, 7-12 cm. long, acuminate, rounded to acutish at the base; panicles small and dense, leafy at the base; calyx lobes very short, acute or acuminate; corolla glabrous, white or greenish, the lobes short, rounded; capsule oblong, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide. Neg. 249. Loreto: Forest between Rio Nanay and Rio Napo, Williams 697. Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 29902; King 294, 139.Puno: Province of Carabaya, Weddell (photo, of type seen, ex hb. Berol.). Perhaps also in Bolivia. "Louro-micuna," "guacamayo." It is somewhat uncertain whether the tree of Loreto (which seems to be F. Paxii Winkl.) is really identical with F. chlorantha, but a reading of Weddell's descrip- tions and examination of a photograph of the type reveal no impor- tant differences. Weddell states that the tree. is a typical one of the regions in which it grows, its clean, silvery trunk rising well above the surrounding trees. 52 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Ferdinandusa loretensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 337. 1931. A tree 6 meters high, the branchlets sparsely puberulent or glabrate; leaves coriaceous, short-petiolate, the blades oblong- elliptic, 11-15 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, rounded at the base or abruptly contracted; inflorescence small and few-flowered, short-pedunculate, the flowers pedicellate; calyx teeth triangular, acute; corolla white, glabrous, the 4 lobes 8-10 mm. long; capsule oblanceolate-oblong, 3.8 cm. long, 1.4 cm. wide. Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 1348, type. 18. EXOSTEMA Rich. Shrubs or trees; stipules distinct or short-connate, persistent or deciduous; leaves opposite, petiolate; flowers small or large, axillary and solitary or arranged in panicles, 5-6-parted ; calyx campanulate, lobate; corolla salverform or funnelform, the tube long or much elongate, glabrous or pilose in the throat, the lobes linear, imbricate in bud; stamens exserted, the anthers linear; capsule 2-celled, cori- aceous or woody, cylindric to obovate, septicidally bivalvate; seeds imbricate, winged. Corolla 10-12 cm. long E. maynense. Corolla 1.5-2.5 cm. long. Leaf blades truncate or subcordate at the base . . . . E. peruvianum. Leaf blades mostly acute or acutish at the base . .E. corymbosum. Exostema bicolor P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 32. 1845. A small tree; leaf blades very broadly ovate or elliptic, acuminate, about 10 cm. long and 7.5 cm. wide, glabrous; flowers pubescent, in terminal, trichotomous corymbs; calyx lobes linear; corolla purplish green, pubescent, about 2.5 cm. long, the lobes oblong, equaling the tube; capsule rounded, compressed. Neg. 8603. Huanuco: Type from Cerro San Cristobal, near Cochero, Poeppig. Without locality: Poeppig 1352 (probably the original collection). The species is not included in the key because I am unable to separate it, by description, from E. peruvianum and E. corymbosum. Probably it is not specifically distinct from E. peruvianum. Exostema corymbosum (R. & P.) Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 706. 1825. Portlandia corymbosa R. & P. Fl. 2: 49. pi. 190, j. a. 1799. FLORA OF PERU 53 A tree 4-6 meters high ; leaves short-petiolate, subcoriaceous, the blades ovate to oblong, mostly 7-10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, glabrous or sparsely pubescent beneath; flowers in terminal, leafy, many-flowered corymbs; calyx lobes elongate, linear; corolla white or purplish white, pubescent outside, about 2 cm. long, the lobes linear, equaling the tube; capsule ferruginous, 8 mm. long. Neg. 8602. Cajamarca: Province of Hualgayoc, Weberbauer 1+166. Huan- cavelica: Tayacaja, Weberbauer 6482. Huanuco: Described from Chaclla and Muna, Ruiz & Pavdn. Mufia, 2,100 meters, dry steep slope, 3972. Exostema maynense P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 31. 1845. A tree, sometimes 20 meters high, with red wood ; leaves petiolate, rather thin, oblong to broadly ovate, acuminate, glabrous, 7-15 cm. long; flowers cymose-corymbose, terminal; calyx 5-6-dentate, the teeth broad, short-acuminate; corolla 10-12 cm. long, the lobes linear, one-third as long as the tube; capsule obovoid, acute at the base, 3 cm. long. Neg. 251. Loreto: Forests of Mainas near Yurimaguas, Poeppig (photo, of type seen, ex hb. Berol.). Mainas, Poeppig D2392. Middle Mara- fion, Tessmann 4888. Balsapuerto, 220 meters, Klug 3064; a tree of 15 meters with white flowers. Without locality: Poeppig 3076, probably the type collection. "Puca yanta." Poeppig reports that the very bitter bark was used in domestic medicine. The flowers are said to have the odor of orange blossoms. Exostema peruvianum Humb. & Bonpl. PI. Aequin. 1: 133. pi. 38. 1808. A shrub 3-3.5 meters high, the trunk 10 cm. in diameter; leaves ovate or broadly oblong, coriaceous, acute, 5-7.5 cm. long, glabrous, the upper ones sessile and cordate at the base; flowers fragrant, in dense, leafy, terminal corymbs; calyx lobes lanceolate, acute; corolla pink, pubescent, 2 cm. long, the lobes linear, spreading, equal- ing the tube. Neg. 563. Huanuco: Casapi, Mathews 1450. Type from the Andes of Peru (photo, seen, ex hb. Berol.). Department uncertain: Callcate, Jelski 366. Probably this is not distinct from E. corymbosum. 54 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII 19. COUTAREA Aubl. Shrubs or trees, the branches with conspicuous elevated lenticels; stipules persistent; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, rather thin; inflorescence terminal or axillary, the flowers mostly solitary or ternate, usually large and showy, asymmetric, 5-8-parted; calyx cupular, lobate; corolla tubular-campanulate, often gibbous and somewhat bilabiate, the lobes contorted or imbricate, the throat glabrous; stamens inserted at the base of the tube, included or exserted, the anthers linear; capsule compressed contrary to the partition, obovate, woody or coriaceous; seeds broadly winged. Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 196. 1889. Portlandia hexandra Jacq. Sel. Stirp. 63. pi. 182, f. 20. 1763. C. speciosa Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 314. pi. 122. 1775. Bignonia triflora Pav. ex DC. Prodr. 9: 148. 1845, in syn. A shrub or small tree; leaves lanceolate to ovate or elliptic, mostly 7-13 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute to rounded at the base, nearly glabrous; flowers chiefly in terminal clusters of 2-3; corolla whitish or greenish, 4-5 cm. long; capsules 2-3.5 cm. long, broadly rounded at the apex, marked with numerous pale lenticels. Loreto: Rio Masana, Williams 158. Without locality, Pavdn; type material of Bignonia triflora. Widely distributed in tropical America. The bark is bitter, and in some regions it has been employed in domestic medicine as a substitute for quinine. In Brazil the species is called "quina do Piauhy," "quina do Pernambuco," and "murta do mato." Coutarea hexandra var. tarapotensis Schum. (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 198. 1889) was based upon Spruce 4&43 from Tarapoto. It is merely a form with unusually large leaves. 20. POGONOPUS Klotzsch Shrubs or trees; stipules almost free, deciduous; leaves opposite, herbaceous, petiolate; flowers showy, in opposite-branched panicles, 5-parted ; calyx tubular, lobate, one of the lobes often expanded into a large, brightly colored limb; corolla tubular, the short lobes valvate in bud, the tube somewhat curved, pilose within above the base; stamens inserted in the upper part of the tube, unequal, the anthers sagittate; capsule subglobose, 2-celled, loculicidally bival- vate; seeds numerous, minute, horizontal, compressed and marginate. FLORA OF PERU 55 Pogonopus tubulosus (DC.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 265. 1889. Calycophyllum tubulosum DC. Prodr. 4: 367. 1830. A shrub or tree 2-5 meters high or larger; leaves short-petiolate, the blades ovate, obovate, or elliptic, large, short-acuminate, densely pubescent or glabrate; stipules 3-4 mm. long; calyx 2 mm. long, the lobes subulate; corolla pale lilac, 3.5 cm. long, minutely puberulent or glabrate; enlarged sepal with a rounded, pink blade as much as 12.5 cm. broad ; capsule woody, 7 mm. long. Cuzco: Chanchamayo, Lares Valley, 1,000 meters, Weberbauer 7940. Junin: La Merced, 700 meters, in thickets, Killip & Smith 23811. Madre de Dios: Seringal San Francisco, Rio Acre, Ule 9848. Also in Brazil, Bolivia, and Argentina. "Quina" (Bolivia). The tree is an exceedingly showy one when in flower, because of the enlarged and brilliantly colored calyx lobes. 21. CONDAMINEA DC. Shrubs or trees; stipules often bipartite; leaves opposite, often large and coriaceous; flowers mostly large, 5-parted, disposed in large, terminal panicles; calyx campanulate, truncate or dentate, deciduous; corolla salverform, pubescent in the throat, the lobes valvate; stamens inserted in the corolla throat, the filaments subulate, pilose at the base; capsule usually pyriform and truncate at the apex, bisulcate, loculicidally bivalvate, more or less woody; seeds horizontal, minute, angled, compressed. Calyx scarcely 1 mm. long. Leaves petiolate C. microcarpa. Calyx 5-7 mm. long. Leaves sessile or nearly so, acuminate C. corymbosa. Leaves long-petiolate, very obtuse C. macrophylla. Condaminea corymbosa (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 402. 1830; Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 257. pi. 124. 1889. Macrocnemum corymbosum R. & P. Fl. 2: 48. pi. 189. 1799. A shrub or small tree 1-6 meters high, glabrous or nearly so, with stout branches; leaves mostly sessile and clasping, oblong to obovate, 20-60 cm. long or larger, cordate at the base, coriaceous; cymes corymb-like, large, long-stalked, many-flowered; corolla 2.5 cm. long, reddish outside, whitish or cream-colored within; capsules about 1.7 cm. long, obtuse or acutish at the base. Neg. 567. Huanuco: Described from Chinchao, Acomayo, Pillao, and Muna, Ruiz & Pavdn. Yanano, 1,800 meters, open hillside, 3662. 56 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Pampayacu, Kanehira 107. Junin: Huacapistana, 2,000 meters, Killip & Smith 24130. Chanchamayo, Martinet 1412. La Merced, 700 meters, wooded valley, Killip & Smith 23506. San Martin: San Roque, 1,400 meters, in forest, Williams 7794- Bolivia to Panama. "Sauco" (Williams) ; "ccaratu" (Ruiz & Pavon). Ruiz and Pavon state that the bark, although not very bitter, was used as an adulter- ant of cinchona bark. Condaminea corymbosa var. pubescens Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 258. 1889. C. angustifolia Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 6: 45. 1896. Leaves densely and finely pubescent beneath, often short-petiolate; inflorescence finely and densely pubescent. Ayacucho: Carrapa, 1,000 meters, wooded hillside, Killip & Smith 22449. Cuzco: San Miguel, Urubamba Valley, 1,800 meters, Cook & Gilbert 913. San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4579, type. Zepelacio, 1,100 meters, a tree of 5 meters, Klug 3672. Also in Bolivia. Condaminea glabrata DC. Prodr. 4: 402. 1830. Macrocnemum glabratum Bartl. ex DC. loc. cit. as syn. Leaves obovate, short-acuminate, cuneate-attenuate at the base, glabrous; panicle glabrous, the flowers glomerate. Huanuco: Type from the mountains of Huanuco, Haenke. The species is known to the writer only from the brief original description. Condaminea macrophylla P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 30. 1845. A tree 10-13 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, the blades oval, 30-40 cm. long, about 25 cm. wide, very obtuse, rounded or cordate at the base, glabrous; inflorescence 20-30 cm. long, the flowers pedicellate; calyx irregularly dentate, sericeous within. Loreto: Type from forests of Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2463. Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras.) states that this plant may be a Rustia rather than a Condaminea. Condaminea microcarpa (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 402. 1830. Macrocnemum microcarpum R. & P. Fl. 2: 49. pi. 188, f. a. 1799. A slender shrub or small tree; leaves petiolate, the blades elliptic or oblong-elliptic, obtusely acuminate, obtuse at the base, glabrous above, short-pilose beneath; flowers racemose-paniculate, sessile, FLORA OF PERU 57 clustered; bracts ovate, obtuse, ciliate; corolla small, white; calyx cupular, 0.8 mm. long, shallowly dentate; capsule turbinate or oval, 3.5-4 mm. long, the seeds minute. Huanuco: Described from Chinchao and Cochero, Ruiz & Pavdn. Although I have seen a specimen of this species, in the Delessert Herbarium, I am doubtful as to its proper generic position. It is scarcely a species of Condaminea. Condaminea venosa (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 402. 1830. Macrocnemum venosum R. & P. Fl. 2: 49. pi 190, f. b. 1799. A shrub 3.5 meters high; leaves petiolate, the blades oblong- elliptic, acutely acuminate, conspicuously nerved, puberulent on the nerves; flowers small, white, sessile, in terminal panicles. Cuzco: Acomayo and Pati, Pavdn. Scarcely a true Condaminea; perhaps a species of Chimarrhis. 22. CHIMARRHIS Jacq. Trees; stipules interpetiolar, acuminate, caducous; leaves oppo- site, short-petiolate; flowers very small, in pedunculate, axillary, corymbiform panicles, 5-parted; calyx cupuliform, dentate or truncate; corolla short-funnelform, the lobes valvate, usually longer than the tube, villous within; stamens inserted in the corolla throat, the filaments elongate, villous below, the anthers dorsifixed ; capsule small, oblong or subglobose, 2-celled, septicidally dehiscent; seeds numerous, minute, horizontal, angulate, reticulate, margined. Calyx deeply dentate; leaves not barbate beneath in the axils of the nerves C. dioica. Calyx shallowly dentate; leaves barbate beneath in the axils of the nerves. Stipules glabrous; calyx and hypanthium minutely puberulent. C. Hookeri. Stipules densely sericeous outside; calyx and hypanthium glabrous. C. Williamsii. Chimarrhis dioica Schum. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 312. 1908. A shrub 3 meters high, probably also a tree ; leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblong or oblong-elliptic, 8-20 cm. long, 4-12 cm. wide, acuminate, acute at the base, often bullate and with strongly im- pressed veins, pilose or subtomentose beneath on the veins; flowers "dioecious," in panicles 3-6 cm. long; calyx lobes ovate, acute, 58 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII glabrous; corolla yellowish green, glabrous, rotate, 4-5 mm. long; capsule subglobose, 3 mm. long. Neg. 6. Cajamarca: Shanyu, Raimondi 4501, 6111, 4842; Jelski 376. Also in Colombia and Ecuador. Chimarrhis Hookeri Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 259. 1889. Stipules 1-3 cm. long; leaves petiolate, the blades oblong or obovate-oblong, 10-20 cm. long, acute or subobtuse, acute at the base, glabrous except in the axils of the nerves, subcoriaceous; inflorescences chiefly terminal, ferruginous- tomentulose; calyx ob- scurely 5-dentate; corolla glabrous, 2 mm. long, the lobes very short, obtuse. Neg. 22786. San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4930, type collection. Chimarrhis Williamsii Standl. Field Mus. Hot. 8: 162. 1930. A tree as much as 25 meters high, with a trunk 50 cm. in diameter, the young branchlets sericeous or glabrate; stipules 13-15 mm. long; leaves petiolate, the blades obovate, 5-11 cm. long, acute or short- acuminate, cuneately narrowed to the base, beneath minutely appressed-pilosulous at first but soon glabrate; inflorescences terminal and pseudoaxillary, long-pedunculate, 6-9 cm. wide, densely many- flowered, the flowers sessile or short-pedicellate; calyx teeth tri- angular, ciliolate; corolla white, 2.5-3 mm. long, glabrous outside. "Tuwara," "yacu-caspi." Loreto: Lower Rio Nanay, Williams 409 (type), 369. Mouth of Rio Santiago, upper Maranon, 160 meters, Tessmann 4668. 23. WARSCEWICZIA Klotzsch Shrubs or trees; stipules glandular within at the base; leaves opposite, large, herbaceous or subcoriaceous; flowers small, 5-parted, in small, dense cymes, these forming a raceme-like 'panicle; calyx campanulate or cupular. 5-dentate, one of the teeth often expanded into a large, colored, foliaceous limb; corolla funnelform, villous in the throat, the short lobes imbricate; stamens inserted in the corolla throat, the filaments short or elongate; capsule small, 2-celled, septi- cidal, the valves entire or short-bifid; seeds minute, numerous, horizontal, marginate, reticulate. Capsule 2-2.5 mm. long; few if any of the calyx teeth expanded into a large, colored limb. Flowers glomerate and sessile W. Schwackeana. FLORA OF PERU 59 Flowers not glomerate, pedicellate W. ambigua. Capsule 4-5 mm. long; many of the calyx teeth expanded into a large, brightly colored limb. Leaf blades acute at the base W. coccinea. Leaf blades cordate or very obtuse at the base W. cordata. Warscewiczia ambigua Standl., sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor 3-10-metralis, ramulis subteretibus vel plus minusve complanatis minute puberulis, internodiis elongatis; stipu- lae lanceolato-oblongae 1.5 cm. longae acuminatae deciduae scab- erulae; folia ut videtur parva breviter petiolata subcoriacea, petiolo crassiusculo 7-8 mm. longo puberulo; lamina elliptica 8.5-10.5 cm. longa 4.5 cm. lata abrupte subcuspidato-acuminata basi acuta et obliqua glabra vel glabrata, costa nervisque supra planis, costa subtus elevata valida, nervis lateralibus utroque latere circa 10 elevatis gracilibus fere rectis angulo acuto adscendentibus prope marginem arcuato-conjunctis, nervulis prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflores- centia terminalis ampla erecta paniculata pedunculata circa 22 cm. longa, floribus numerosissimis cymulosis, cymulis racemose dis- positis paucifloris, rhachi complanata puberula, bracteis parvis triangularibus, pedicellis circa 2 mm. longis, glabris; capsula depresso- globosa costata 2.5 mm. lata basi rotundata brunnescens glabra, apice calyce subtruncato margine incurvo coronata, dente uno vel interdum dentibus 5 calycis in laminam foliaceam lanceolato- oblongam obtusam petiolatam glabram usque ad 7 mm. longam expansis; semina pallide brunnea minuta lucida punctata angulata vel subteretia. Loreto: Cerro de Cumbasa, Tarapoto, Department of Loreto, alt. 800 meters, Sept., 1902, E. Ule 6375 (Herb. Delessert, type). There is considerable doubt regarding the true generic position of the plant here described, but it agrees better with Warscewiczia than with any other genus with which I am familiar. In many characters it is similar to W. Schwackei Schum., but in that the flowers are glomerate and sessile, not pedicellate. Warscewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch, Monatsb. Akad. Berlin 1853: 497. 1853. Macrocnemum coccineum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 38. 1791. W. maynensis Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1: 72. 1854. W. Poeppigiana Klotszch, loc. cit. A slender shrub or tree 9 meters high or less, with depressed crown; leaves short-petiolate, the blades membranaceous, elliptic- 60 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII oblong to obovate, 15-50 cm. long, acuminate, softly pubescent or glabrate beneath; cymes racemose, small, many-flowered, peduncu- late; one lobe of the calyx in many of the flowers expanded into a bright red, oblong or elliptic, petiolate limb 4-6 cm. long; corolla 5-8 mm. long, yellow. Huanuco: Cochero, Poeppig 1491. Pampayacu, Kanehira 37. Cuzco: Bues 1+2. Junin: La Merced, 600 meters, wooded slope, 5328; Killip & Smith 23808; Weberbauer 1833. Chanchamayo Valley, 1,200-1,600 meters, Schunke 317, 406. Above San Ramon, 1,300-1,700 meters, Schunke A3 4. Loreto: Type of W. maynensis from Province of Mainas, Poeppig. Pongo de Manseriche, Tessmann 4783. La Victoria, on the Amazon, in pasture, Williams 2748, 2693. Caballo-cocha, in forest, Williams 2021. Rio Itaya, Williams 135. San Antonio, Williams 3438. Yurimaguas, edge of forest, Williams 4720. Iquitos, Williams 8021; Killip & Smith 27162; Huber 1307. Without locality, Fox in 1911. Florida, King 2121, 2147. Rio Putumayo, Klug 1626. Ranging to Brazil, the Guianas, and Central America. "Puca-lisa." An exceedingly showy and handsome tree when covered with the brilliant inflorescences. Called "curacy" and "rabo de arara" in Brazil. Klug reports the Huitoto names of "rafeicono" and "rafeicono-ey." Warscewiczia cordata Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6:217. 1889. A shrub or small tree 3.5-6 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, often subcoriaceous, the blades broadly elliptic or obovate to oblong, 15-30 cm. long or larger, short-acuminate, softly pilose beneath or glabrate; inflorescence like that of W. coccinea, the enlarged calyx lobes as much as 8 cm. long; corolla 5-6 mm. long. Neg. 70. Junin: Colonia Perene*, in thickets, Killip & Smith 25005. Loreto: Pongo de Manseriche, Rio Maranon, Tessmann 3902. Yuri- maguas, in abandoned land, Williams 3852', Mexia 6080. Santa Rosa, common tree in forest, Williams 4888. San Martin: Type from Tarapoto, Spruce 4898 (photo, seen, ex hb. Berol.). Tarapoto, Williams 5862. Zepelacio, 1,100 meters, Klug 3268. Mrs. Mexia reports the vernacular name of "shambosisa," and states that the Indians employ the juice extracted from the calyx lobes for dyeing skin. Warscewiczia Schwackei Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 219. pi. 115. 1889. FLORA OF PERU 61 A shrub or tree 3.5-10 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades oblong to broadly elliptic, 15-25 cm. long, acuminate, acute to truncate at the base, puberulent or glabrate beneath; inflorescence spicate-paniculate, the flower clusters dense, head -like, sessile, the flowers also sessile; corolla 2 mm. long; capsule minutely pilose. Loreto: Iquitos, in forest, 100 meters, Williams 3701; Killip & Smith 27213. Florida, 180 meters, in forest, King 2156, 2125. Also in the Amazon Valley of Brazil. In aspect this tree is unlike the more common species of the genus, since the bright-colored, enlarged calyx lobes are very few mostly at the base of the panicle or altogether absent. Klug reports the Huitoto name as "jayacoma" or "tayacona." He states that the flowers are white. 24. RONDELETIA L. Shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite or rarely verticillate; inflorescence terminal or axillary, cymose, corymbose, or paniculate; calyx 4-6-lobate, the lobes sometimes unequal; corolla funnelform or salverform, the short lobes imbricate; anthers dorsifixed, erect; capsule 2-celled, usually globose, chartaceous or coriaceous, loculi- cidally or septicidally bivalvate; seeds minute, compressed or angu- late, sometimes fusiform, often winged or appendaged. Leaves white-tomentose beneath R. peruviana. Leaves appressed-pilose beneath, green R. loretensis. Rondeletia loretensis Standl., sp. nov. Frutex 1.5 m. altus, ramis breviter pilis adscendentibus vel adpressis pilosis gracilibus, internodiis elongatis; stipulae persis- tentes oblongae suberectae circa 1 cm. longae adpresso-pilosae; folia majuscula breviter petiolata firme membranacea, petiolo 1-1.5 cm. longo adpresso-piloso; lamina oblongo-oblanceolata vel anguste elliptico-oblonga 12-19 cm. longa 4-6 cm. lata longiuscule anguste acuminata basin versus sensim attenuata, supra in sicco fusca sparse pilis gracillimis longiusculis pilosa, subtus pallidior ubique sed ad nervos densius pilis longis adpresso-pilosa, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere circa 16 gracillimis prom- inentibus subarcuatis angulo subrecto adscendentibus in marginem desinentibus; inflorescentia terminalis 6.5 cm. longe pedunculata cymosa 5 cm. lata et fere aequialta sublaxe multiflora, floribus subse- cundis fere sessilibus, ramis dense pilosis, bracteis parvis lanceolate- 62 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII oblongis; hypanthium anguste clavatum 4-5 mm. longum dense pilis brunnescentibus pilosum; sepala 2.5-3 mm. longa anguste oblongo-triangularia suberecta acuminata pilosa; corolla alba 4-loba extus pilis longis et brevibus intermixtis subsparse pilosa, tubo gracili 10 mm. longo superne vix dilatato, lobis ovalibus 3 mm. longis obtusis. Loreto: Florida, Rio Putumayo, at mouth of Rio Zubineta, 180 meters, in forest, King 2151 (type in herb. Field Mus. No. 668,754). The collector reports the Huitoto name as "voiguio-ey." Rondeletia peruviana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 342. 1931. A tree 10 meters high, the branches whitish- tomentose; stipules 4-7 mm. long, oblong, obtuse or acutish; leaves short-petiolate, thick-membranaceous, the blades elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 6-14 cm. long, 2.5-6.5 cm. wide, acuminate, acute or rarely obtuse at the base, glabrous above, densely white-tomentose beneath; inflorescence terminal, cymose-paniculate, 4 cm. long, the flowers sessile or short- pedicellate; calyx lobes 4, oblong or narrowly triangular, acute or subobtuse; corolla white-tomentose, the tube 11-15 mm. long, the lobes rounded, 3 mm. long; capsule 6 mm. long. Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, upper Maranon, 160 meters, in upland forest, Tessmann 4223, type. Corolla described as olive-brown outside, the lobes white within. This species is the southernmost known in the genus, which attains its greatest development probably in Mexico. 25. DOLICHODELPHYS Schum. & Krause Shrubs or small trees with rather large, opposite, subsessile leaves; stipules short-connate at the base, deciduous; flowers 5- parted, arranged in terminal, trichotomous cymes; calyx short, the lobes broadly ovate, acute or obtuse, accrescent in fruit; corolla funnelform, glabrous, naked in the throat, the lobes rounded, much shorter than the tube; stamens inserted slightly below the middle of the tube, the anthers oblong; ovary 2-celled, with several ovules in each cell; fruit capsular, bearing at the apex the persistent calyx. Dolichodelphys chlorocrater Schum. & Krause, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50: 102. /. 1908. A shrub or tree 2-6 meters high, the branchlets obscurely puberu- lent or glabrous; stipules ovate-lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, puberulent outside, 6-8 mm. long; leaves subsessile, rigid-herbaceous, FLORA OF PERU 63 oblanceolate-oblong, 15-33 cm. long, 4-12 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate, gradually attenuate to the base, glabrous above and shining, minutely appressed-pilose beneath on the veins; flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes 2.5 mm. long; corolla yellow or cream- colored, the tube 10-13 mm. long, the lobes 2-2.5 mm. long; fruit oblong-ovoid, 1.5 cm. long, 7 mm. thick. Neg. 953. Loreto: Cerro de Escalera, 1,200 meters, Vie 67? '4, type (photo, and fragm. of type seen, ex hb. Berol.). Also in Colombia. The genus consists of a single species. 26. SICKINGIA Willd. Trees or shrubs; stipules sometimes large, glandular within at the base; leaves opposite; flowers small or medium-sized, paniculate, 4-5-parted; calyx cupular or campanulate, truncate or dentate; corolla tubular or funnelform, usually pilose at the insertion of the stamens, the lobes short, imbricate or open in bud; stamens exserted, attached below the middle of the tube; capsule commonly globose, 2-celled, bivalvate; seeds large, horizontal, lunulate or semi-oblong, broadly winged. Capsule oval-oblong, 6.5 cm. long; leaves 15-20 cm. wide. S. Williamsii. Capsule globose or depressed-globose; leaves mostly 5-8 cm. wide. S. tinctoria. Sickingia tinctoria (HBK.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 228. 1889. Macrocnemum tintorium HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 311. 1820. A small or medium-sized tree, the young branches somewhat pubescent or almost glabrous; stipules oblong-subulate, 10-12 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblong or elliptic-oblong, mostly 8-15 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute to cordate at the base, glabrous or nearly so; inflorescence sessile or short-pedunculate, dense; calyx lobes ovate or ovate-oblong, acute or obtuse; corolla 7-8 mm. long, yellowish white, turning reddish when dried, puberu- lent or glabrate, the short lobes rounded; capsule 1.5-2.5 cm. in diameter. Neg. 6058. Loreto: Recreo, Yurimaguas, in forest, Williams 4132. Rio Masana, in forest, Williams 110. Tira Doble, Rio Nanay, Williams 909. San Martin: Rio Mayo, Tarapoto, Williams 6227. Tarapoto, Williams 6659. Alto Rio Huallaga, Williams 6680. Also in Brazil and Venezuela. 64 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII "Machu sacha puca-quiro," "puca-quiru." Called "ararina," "asarauba," and "pau d'arara" in Brazil. Most of the collections cited are in fruit or are sterile, and their determination is, therefore, more or less uncertain. In this, as in other species of the genus, the fine-grained wood turns red as soon as cut and exposed to the air. The handsome colora- tion, unfortunately, disappears after the wood has been exposed for some time to the sunlight. Krukoff states that the wood is yellow and very durable. He reports that the flowers have a strong and agreeable odor of vanilla. Sickingia Williamsii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 340. 1931. A glabrous tree; petioles very short and thick; leaf blades thick- membranaceous, elliptic-obovate, 28-40 cm. long, obtuse, acute at the base; capsules woody, 3 cm. thick; seeds semiorbicular, thin, 1.5-2 cm. long, with a thin, pale wing. "Puca quiro." San Martin: Tarapoto, 750 meters, Williams 5531, type. 27. BATHYSA Presl Shrubs or trees; stipules usually large, persistent or deciduous; leaves opposite, herbaceous or coriaceous; flowers 4-5-parted, small, in usually large, terminal panicles; calyx cupular, truncate or den- tate; corolla funnelform or subrotate, the lobes imbricate, the tube pubescent within in the throat; fruit a globose or ellipsoid capsule, 2-celled, the valves woody, bifid at the apex; seeds numerous, min- ute, horizontal, more or less distinctly winged. Pubescence mostly spreading; calyx truncate B. obovata. Pubescence closely appressed; calyx deeply dentate. . .B. peruviana. Bathysa obovata (Ruiz) Schum. ex Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 280. 1931. Macrocnemum obovatum Ruiz in herb. Branches densely fulvous-tomentose; stipules caducous; leaves short-petiolate, the blades broadly obovate-oblong, about 30 cm. long and 13 cm. wide, obtuse or rounded at the apex, obtuse to rounded at the base and often short-decurrent, hispidulous-pilose above, densely spreading-pilose beneath; inflorescence long-pedun- culate, cymose-paniculate, many-flowered, 14 cm. long and broad; corolla 6-7 mm. long, glabrous outside, densely barbate in the throat, the lobes equaling the tube. Neg. 33. Huanuco: Chicoplaya, in 1798, Tafalla, type. Also in Bolivia. FLORA OF PERU 65 Bathysa peruviana Krause, Verb. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50: 96. 1909. A shrub or tree 3-15 meters high; stipules about 4 mm. long, decidous; leaves short-petiolate, the blades obovate, 14-25 cm. long, obtuse and short-acuminate at the apex, acute at the base, sparsely appressed -pilose or sericeous beneath; flowers in rather large, long- pedunculate panicles 8-10 cm. long; calyx lobes unequal, sericeous outside; corolla white or ochroleucous, glabrous outside, the tube as long as the calyx. Neg. 32. Amazonas: Pongo de Manseriche, Rio Maranon, Tessmann 1+178. Junin: San Nicolas, Pichis Trail, 1,100 meters, in dense forest, Killip & Smith 26060. Loreto: Yurimaguas, Vie 6768, type. Pumayacu, 600-1,200 meters, in forest, a tree of 5 meters with cream- colored flowers, Klug 3222. Balsapuerto, in forest, a tree of 6 meters with white flowers, Klug 3058. 28. SIPANEA Aubl. Annual or perennial herbs with terete stems; stipules connate with the petioles; leaves opposite, short-pet'olate, narrow; flowers small, commonly in terminal cymes, 5-parted; calyx divided almost to the base into narrow lobes; corolla salverform, pilose or villous in the throat, the lobes contorted in bud ; stamens inserted near the middle of the corolla tube, the anthers linear; capsule 2-celled, loculicidally dehiscent from the apex; seeds numerous, minute, foveolate. Sipanea hispida Benth. ex Wernham, Journ. Bot. 55: 173. 1917. S. pratensis Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 249. 1889, ex parte, non Aubl. A slender, erect, rough-hirsute herb, apparently annual, 60 cm. high or less, branched; leaves elliptic-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute or acutish, sessile or short-petiolate; cymes dichotomous, sparsely branched, the branches often spike-like; calyx lobes linear, 3-4 mm. long; corolla pinkish or white, pilose, the tube 6-9 mm. long; capsule covered with slender hairs having enlarged bases. "Pupa quihua." Neg. 25757. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1,000-1,200 meters, Schunke 383, 1487, 1390, 1414, 353, 352, 1524. Puerto Yessup, 400 meters, Killip & Smith 26270. Porvenir, 1,500-1,900 meters, Killip & Smith 25909. San Ramon, 900-1,300 meters, Killip & Smith 24788. Loreto: Florida, in clearing, Klug 2285. San Martin: San Roque, 66 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Williams 7409. Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, King 3543. Also in Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay. 29. MACBRIDEINA Standl. Trees; stipules large, caducous; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, thick-membranaceous; inflorescence terminal, cymose-corymbose, few-flowered, the flowers large, 5-parted; calyx deeply lobate, the lobes triangular, deciduous, acuminate; corolla funnelform, glabrous within, the lobes contorted; stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla, the filaments very short, the anthers oblong-linear, exserted ; capsule woody, obovoid, subcompressed, bisulcate, 2-celled, loculicid- ally bivalvate; seeds numerous, minute, horizontal, compressed, narrowly winged. The genus consists of a single species. Macbrideina peruviana Standl. Trop. Woods 20: 25. 1929. A tree 6-12 meters high, the young branchlets short-pilose, soon glabrate; stipules oval-oblong, 2 cm. long, rounded at the apex; leaf blades obovate or obovate-oblong, 13-40 cm. long, obtuse and apiculate, cuneately narrowed to the base, glabrous above, beneath hispidulous-pilose when young but soon glabrate; branches of the inflorescence glabrous; calyx 5-6 mm. long; corolla green, glabrous, almost 5 cm. long, the lobes 2 cm. long; capsule 3 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide. Huanuco: Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavon. Junin: La Merced, 600 meters, 5573, type; Killip & Smith 23783. Above San Ramon, 1,300-1,700 meters, Schunke A32. Chanchamayo Valley, 1,200 meters, Schunke 432. 30. ELAEAGIA Wedd. Large trees with opposite, glabrous, coriaceous leaves; stipules deciduous, glandular within at the base and exuding resin; inflores- cence terminal, often large, paniculate; calyx crateriform, the limb persistent, 5-dentate; corolla salverform, small, the 5 lobes ovate, obtuse, imbricate in bud; stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla, the filaments very short, the anthers broad, subexserted; capsule globose, costate, loculicidally dehiscent, 2-celled; seeds numerous, minute, elongate. Elaeagia Mariae Wedd. Hist. Nat. Quinq. 94. 1849. A tall tree; leaves short-petiolate or almost sessile, the blades oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 8-17 cm. long, obtuse to acute at the FLORA OF PERU 67 apex, acute or attenuate at the base, coriaceous, glabrous; petioles and branchlets often covered with resin; stipules connate at the base, finally free and truncate; panicles large and many-flowered, much branched, longer than the leaves, the flowers very small; calyx subtruncate; corolla yellowish green, 3 mm. long. Negs. 63, 64. Puno: Hot forests of the Province of Carabaya, Weddell, type (photo, seen ex hb. Berol.). San Martin: Zepelacio, 1,100 meters, mountain forest, a tree of 8 meters with cream-colored flowers, Klug 3635 (determination uncertain). Also in Bolivia. Weddell reports the vernacular name as "aceite Maria," and states that the plant was employed in domestic medicine. 31. PHITOPIS Hook. f. Trees with copious pubescence; stipules caducous; leaves oppo- site, short-petiolate; inflorescence terminal, cymose or paniculate, the flowers large, 4-7-parted; calyx campanulate or in bud closed and irregularly rupturing; corolla funnelform, the lobes contorted in bud; fruit a 2-celled, loculicidal capsule; seeds numerous, min- ute, irregular, foveolate. Only the two following species are known. Inflorescence cymose, dense, few-flowered, congested; corolla 8-10 mm. long P. multiflora. Inflorescence paniculate, large, open, many-flowered; corolla about 17 mm. long P. sterculioides. Phitopis multiflora Hook. f. Icon. PI. pi. 1093. 1871. Hip- potis multiflora Benth. ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 244. 1889, in syn. A tree 8-10 meters high; leaves very shortly petiolate, oblong or obovate-oblong, 8-20 cm. long, short-acuminate, acute to rounded at the base, hispid-pilose; inflorescence sometimes spike-like, usually shorter than the leaves; calyx 7-9 mm. long, the short lobes ovate- triangular, acute; corolla white, glabrous outside; capsule 5 mm. long. Neg. 61. San Martin: Mountains along Rio Mayo, near Tarapoto, Spruce 4319, type collection. Moyobamba, Mathews 1639. Mt. Campana, near Tarapoto, Spruce 4834. Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, moun- tain forest, Klug 3528. Phitopis sterculioides Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 341. 1931. A tree 7.5-9 meters high, the branchlets densely fulvous-tomen- tose and subappressed-hirsute; petioles 2 cm. long; leaf blades oblong- 68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII obovate, about 26 cm. long and 12.5 cm. wide, rounded and shortly produced at the apex, narrowed to the acute base, hirsute; panicle 23 cm. long; calyx densely fulvous-tomentose, 1 cm. long; corolla white, glabrous outside, the lobes rounded-ovate; stamens exserted, the filaments hirsute below the middle. Junin: Eneiias, 1,600-1,900 meters, in dense forest, Killip & Smith 25747, type. - 32. OLDENLANDIA L. Annual or perennial herbs; stipules small, acute or acuminate, sometimes setiferous; leaves opposite, small; flowers small, axillary and terminal, paniculate, cymose, or solitary; calyx 4-parted; corolla rotate or funnelform, the throat usually glabrous, the lobes obtuse, valvate; stamens inserted in the corolla throat, with short filaments, the anthers usually exserted; fruit a small capsule, 2-celled, contain- ing few angulate or subglobose seeds, loculicidally dehiscent. Flowers in few-flowered cymes 0. corymbosa. Flowers solitary 0. herbacea. Oldenlandia corymbosa L. Sp. PI. 119. 1753. A slender, branched annual, erect or decumbent, nearly glabrous; stipules bearing 1 or more long bristles; leaves sessile or subsessile, linear or linear-lanceolate, 1-3.5 cm. long, acute to attenuate at base and apex, 1-nerved, scaberulous on the margins; cymes mostly 3-flowered, the flowers long-pedicellate; calyx lobes triangular, acuminate; corolla white or lilac, equaling or slightly longer than the calyx; capsule subglobose, 1.5-2 mm. broad. Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, in clearing, Klug 1161, 502. Widely distributed in the tropical regions of both hemispheres. Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) DC. Prodr. 4: 425. 1830. Hedyotis herbacea L. Sp. PI. 102. 1753. An erect or procumbent annual, glabrous throughout, usually much branched ; leaves sessile, spreading or reflexed, linear or linear- lanceolate, 1.5-7 cm. long, attenuate to each end; pedicels 8-25 mm. long; calyx lobes lanceolate, acuminate; corolla salverform, white, about equaling the calyx; capsule depressed-globose, 2.5-3 mm. long. Loreto: Caballo-cocha on the Amazon, in clearing, Williams 2297. Widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres. FLORA OF PERU 69 33. ARCYTOPHYLLUM Willd. Perennials, woody or suffrutescent, erect or prostrate; stipules entire, bifid, or dentate, sometimes setiform; leaves coriaceous, small, opposite; flowers solitary or arranged in heads or cymes, terminal, usually very small; calyx 4-lobate, the lobes erect, some- times with minute teeth interposed; corolla funnelform or salver- form, the tube short or elongate, the 4 lobes valvate, glabrous or villous within; ovary 2-celled; fruit a small capsule, septicidally dehiscent; seeds few, concavo-convex, punctate. Plants prostrate, the branches rooting, suffrutescent; flowers solitary A. filiforme. Plants erect, shrubby; flowers solitary, glomerate, or cymose. Corolla lobes densely short-villous within. Leaves oblong or lance-oblong, 5-8 mm. long, obtuse or acute. . .A. ciliolatum. Corolla lobes glabrous within. Leaves conspicuously mucronate, oblong to elliptic-oblong, usually 5-7 mm. long A. setosum. Leaves obtuse or acute, not mucronate. Leaves small, 1-3.5 mm. long; flowers solitary or in few- flowered head-like clusters. Leaves linear, acute or acuminate; flowers mostly solitary. A. Riveti. Leaves oblong, obtuse; flowers chiefly in few-flowered, terminal, head-like clusters A. ericoides. Leaves larger, 5-15 mm. long; flowers usually in few- or many- flowered cymes. Stipules almost completly covering the stems; leaves thick and rigid; inflorescence head-like A. Macbridei. Stipules not conspicuous, not covering the stems; leaves relatively thin; inflorescence not head-like. Corolla 6-8 mm. long A. thymifolium. Corolla 10-12 mm. long A. Weberbaueri. Arcytophyllum ciliolatum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 324. 1929. A stout, erect shrub 35 cm. high or more, the branchlets bifari- ously puberulent; stipules broadly triangular, entire or obsoletely denticulate, puberulent; leaves sessile or subsessile, glabrous, 1- nerved; flowers terminal, sessile, mostly solitary; calyx lobes 2 mm. 70 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII long, subulate-attenuate from a triangular base, ciliolate; corolla 8 mm. long, the acuminate lobes equaling the tube; capsule sub- globose, 3 mm. long. Libertad : Mountains near Tayabamba, Prov. Pataz, 3,900 meters, Weberbauer 7023, type. Without locality, Lobb. Arcytophyllum ericoides (Willd.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 182. 1936. Hedyotis ericoides Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 527. 1819. Anotis ericoides DC. Prodr. 4: 433. 1830. H. thymifolia var. ericoides Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 44. 1857. Arcytophyllum parvifolium Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 313. 1908. Arcytophyllum virgatum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 325. 1929. An erect, stiff shrub as much as 50 cm. high, rather densely branched, the branchlets minutely puberulent; stipules connate, minutely puberulent, obtuse or acute, often dentate; leaves minute, densely fasciculate, 1-2 mm. long; inflorescences mostly 3-6-flow- ered, head-like; calyx lobes ovate or triangular, 1-1.5 mm. long, acute; corolla 3.5-5.5 mm. long. Negs. 225, 51. Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, Mathews 2123, type of A. virgatum. Cajamarca: Below Hacienda La Tahona, near Hual- gayoc, in open thickets, 2,600 meters, Weberbauer 4059, type of A. parvifolium. Also in Colombia and Ecuador. I have seen a photograph of the type of Hedyotis ericoides, from the Willdenow Herbarium, and it appears to agree perfectly with both the recently described species listed in synonymy. It was collected in the mountains of Colombia by Humboldt and Bonpland. Arcytophyllum filiforme (R. & P.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 183. 1936. Hedyotis filiformis R. & P. Fl. 1: 57. pi 87, f. b. 1798. H. conferta R. & P. loc. cit.'/. a. 1798. H. microphylla HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 389. 1820. Anotis conferta DC. Prodr. 4: 431. 1830. A. filiformis DC. loc. cit. A. microphylla DC. op. cit. 432. 1830. Anotis Lechleriana Schlecht. Linnaea 28: 488. 1856. Ereicoc- tis conferta etE. filiformis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 281. 1891. Mallo- stoma confertum et M. filiforme B. & H. ex Ind. Kew. 2: 150. 1895. Oldenlandia Lechleriana B. & H. ex Ind. Kew. 2: 336. 1895. Arcyto- phyllum confertum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 282. 1931. Plants prostrate and matted, the branches stout and woody or elongate and almost filiform, glabrous, usually densely leafy; stip- ules triangular, acute, entire or denticulate; leaves linear-lanceolate or linear, mostly 3-6 mm. long, acute and piliferous at the apex, glabrous, often ciliate; flowers terminal, solitary; calyx lobes subu- FLORA OF PERU 71 late to linear-oblong, piliferous; corolla white, 8-10 mm. long. Negs. 22, 47, 48, 55. Apurimac: Hualgayoc and Micuipampa, Humboldt &Bonpland; photo, of type of H. microphylla. Cuzco: Pinasniocj, Panticaya Pass, 3,600 meters, Cook & Gilbert 1302. Paso de Tres Cruces, Pennell IS 861. Huanuco: Pillao, Ruiz, type material of A. fili- formis; the species was reported by R. & P. also from Torrehuasi, Sillcai, and Achapatuma. Playapampa, 2,700 meters, sunny, rocky places, 4502. Six miles south of Mito, 3,150 meters, grassy hills, 1832. Fifteen miles northeast of Huanuco, 3,660 meters, common in wetter grasslands, 2185. Junin: Oroya, Kalenborn 44- A. conferta was described from the mountains of Canta and Tarma, near Hacaybamba, Collquihirca, and Mineral del Cerro de Yauri- cocha. Puno: Tabina, Lechler 2091, type material of Anolis pili- fera; Lechler 2101, type material of Anotis Lechleriana. Between Tambo de las Vacas and Muna, Raimondi 10030. Without definite locality, Weberbauer 6108. Also in Bolivia and Ecuador. Although Hedyotis conferta and H. filiformis were maintained as distinct species by Weddell in the Chloris Andina, the characters upon which they were separated do not appear to be trustworthy. I have seen a photograph of presumably authentic material of H. filiformis from the Berlin herbarium, and it agrees with the plant described by Weddell as H. conferta rather than the one which he describes and illustrates as H. filiformis. Ruiz and Pavon give no distinguishing characters in their descriptions of the two species, nor do their illustrations give any clue for determining the differences between what they assumed to be two species of the genus. Arcytophyllum Macbridei Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 183. 1936. A densely branched shrub 30 cm. high or more, the stout branches densely covered by the large and conspicuous stipules, these usually with much elongate setae at the apex; leaves subsessile, lance-oblong or linear-oblong, 3-11 mm. long, glabrous, rigid, acute, lustrous, scabe- rulous-ciliate; flowers sessile, congested to form a small, globose, rounded head; sepals erect, acute, 2-3 mm. long, ovate-oblong; corolla 6 mm. long, glabrous outside, the lobes glabrous within; capsule subglobose, 2.5 mm. long. Without locality: Weberbauer 6102, type. Amazonas: Trail from Chachapoyas to Moyobamba, Williams 7576. Tambo de Laurel, between Dunia and Chachapoyas, Raimondi 1048. Cajamarca: Cutervo, Raimondi 4968, 4679; Jelski 6266. 72 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Arcytophyllum Riveti Dang. & Cherm. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 28: 434. 1922. A stiff, erect shrub as much as 40 cm. high, rather densely branched, the branches pale, puberulent; stipules triangular, dentate; leaves revolute, 2-3.5 mm. long, glabrous, spreading or ascending and more or less imbricate; calyx lobes lanceolate, acute; corolla purplish or white, 5-6 mm. long, glabrous. Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews 3129. Apurimac: Hacienda La Tahona, 3,100-3,400 meters, Weberbauer 4024- Cajamarca: Hacienda Montana de Nancho, 2,400 meters, Raimondi 5533. Piura: Below Ayavaca, 2,500 meters, Weberbauer 6359. Also in Ecuador. Arcytophyllum setosum (R. & P.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 208. 1931. Hedyotis setosa R. & P. Fl. 1: 57. pi. 88, f. a. 1798. Anotis setosa DC. Prodr. 4 : 432. 1830. Rachicallis setosa Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 249. 1840. Mallostoma setosum B. & H. ex Ind. Kew. 2: 150. 1895. Ereicoctis setosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 281. 1891. A stout, erect shrub, 60 cm. high or less, glabrous or nearly so, usually densely branched, the branches suberect; stipules ovate, glabrous, bearing several long, stiff, yellowish setae; leaves very thick and leathery, lustrous, spreading or ascending; flowers few, subcapitate at the ends of the branches; calyx lobes triangular- lanceolate, acuminate; corolla 8 mm. long, lilac outside, white within. Neg. 45. Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, 2,000-2,300 meters, Weberbauer 4337. Ayacucho: Huaicani, 3,300-3,600 meters, Pearce. Caja- marca: Cerro de Hualgayoc, Raimondi 2215, 837. Huanuco: Mito, 2,700 meters, grassy slope, 1 808. Fifteen miles northeast of Huanuco, 3,660 meters, wet mossy bank, 21 78. Pillao, Ruiz, presumably type material. Junin: Originally described from Churupayana and Huasahuasi, Ruiz & Pavdn. Piura: Above Huancabamba, 3,400 meters, Weberbauer 6079. Department unknown: Bajasan (?), Mathews 1506. Also in Ecuador and Bolivia. > Arcytophyllum thymifolium (R. & P.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 40. 1930. Hedyotis thymifolia R. & P. Fl. 1: 56. pi. 88, f. a. 1798. H. juniperifolia R. & P. op cit. 57. pi. 87, f. c. 1798. Anotis thymifolia et A. juniperifolia DC. Prodr. 4: 432. 1830. Mallostoma juniperifolium et M. thymifolium B. & H. ex Ind. Kew. 2: 150. 1895. Ereicoctis juniperifolia et E. thymifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 281. 1891. Anotis thymifolia var. hyssopifolia DC. Prodr. 4: 432. 1830, at FLORA OF PERU 73 least in part. Arcytophyllum juniperifolium Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 207. 1931. An erect, stout, densely branched shrub, sometimes as much as 1 meter high, the branches puberulent; stipules triangular-ovate, 1-3-dentate; leaves linear, usually revolute, spreading or ascending, glabrous; flowers in small, dense or open, terminal cymes, the inflorescences sometimes reduced to 3 flowers; calyx lobes linear- lanceolate; corolla white, glabrous within. Negs. 46, 50, 226. Amazonas: Chachapoyas, 2,700 meters, Williams 7566. Altos entre Balsas y Celendin, Raimondi 1801. Chachapoyas, in 1835, Mathews; Mathews 2124. Ancash: Andamayo, Raimondi 1688. Caraz, 2,200-2,500 meters, Weberbauer 3006. Ayacucho: Coracora, 2,600 meters, Weberbauer 5819. Cajamarca: Cayacati, Jelski 379. Cuzco: Ollantaitambo, 3,000 meters, open, rocky slope, Pennell 13651; Cook & Gilbert 307, 310, 744- Cuzco, Rose 19073. Dept. Cuzco, 1839-40, Gay. Lucay, Urubamba Valley, 3,000 meters, Herrera 2219. La Maquina, Urubamba Valley, 2,050 meters, Herrera 2660. Hacienda Tilque, Urubamba Valley, Herrera 1 705. Huanuco: Northwest of Mito, 3,000 meters, rocky, sunny slope, 1927. Huanuco, Kanehira 223. Between Huanuco and Pampayacu, Kanehira 72. Junin: Hedyotis juniperifolia described from moun- tains of Tarma and Canta, near Palcamayo, Casacamcha, and Lauricocha, Ruiz & Pavdn. H. thymifolia described from Tarma and Caxatambo, Ruiz & Pavdn. Between Tarma and Palca, 2,600- 3,000 meters, Weberbauer 1734. Tarma, 2,100 meters, steep slope in heavy, stony soil, 1012; open hillside, 3,100 meters, Killip & Smith 21799. Near Huancayo, 3,400 meters, open, rocky hillside, Killip & Smith 22022. Oroya, Kalenborn 159. Canta, Tarma, and Jauja, Mathews 813. Lima: Mountains near Chosica, 1,700 meters, Weberbauer 5322. Matucana, 2,400 meters, in slide rock, 207. Canta, 2,800 meters, open, rocky slope, Pennell 14341, 14595. Puruchuca, Mathews 987. Lima et Peruvia septentrionalis, Cuming 1009. Between Matucana and Tambo de Viso, 2,500 meters, Weber- bauer 166. Obrajillo, WilkesExped. Department uncertain: Without locality, McLean; Weberbauer 5497. Huancatango, Barclay. Ranging to Colombia. The vernacular name "pisgopa-chaquin" is reported by Raimondi. The plant varies greatly in the length of the leaves, and also in the size of the corolla. There is some doubt that Hedyotis juniperifolia really is synonymous with Arcytophyllum thymifolium, for I have seen no authentic material of it. However, judging from the descrip- 74 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII tion and illustration, it is only a form with few-flowered inflorescence such as is represented by several of the collections cited above. Arcytophyllum Weberbaueri Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 54: Beibl. 119: 42. 1916. An erect, stout shrub, usually less than 50 cm. high, often densely branched, the young branches glabrous; stipules ovate or triangular, acute; leaves linear or lance-linear, 7-16 mm. long, rather thin, some- times revolute, glabrous; flowers fragrant, in dense or rather open and many-flowered cymes; calyx lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, 1.5-2 mm. long; corolla white, glabrous. Neg. 53. Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews. Ancash: Below Ocros, 2,400-2,900 meters, Weberbauer 2725. Below Pamparomas, 2,400 meters, Weberbauer 3194. Huancavelica : Between Pampano and Huaitara, 2,100 meters, Weberbauer 5409, type. Huaitara, 1,800- 2,400 meters, Pearce. Lima: Matucana, 2,400 meters, steep, rocky slope, 267; slide rock slope, 2893. Matucana, Weberbauer 85. Valley of Rio Rimac, 2,400 meters, in 1882, R. Ward. "Lima," Ruiz & Pavdn. Department unknown: Southern Peru, Pearce 867. It is doubtful whether this plant is more than a large-flowered form of A. thymifolium. 34. SCHRADERA Vahl Glabrous, epiphytic trees or shrubs with rooting branches; stipules large, caducous; leaves opposite, coriaceous; inflorescences usually terminal, solitary or clustered, capitate and pedunculate, surrounded by a cup-like involucre; calyx cupular, truncate or obsoletely lobate; corolla salverform, the 5-10 spreading lobes valvate in bud; stamens attached at the middle of the tube, the anthers linear; ovary 2-4-celled; fruit baccate; seeds numerous, minute, suborbicular, compressed. Schradera subandina Krause, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50: 99. 1908. A glabrous, epiphytic shrub 50 cm. high; leaves short-petiolate, oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, 8-12 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, cuneate at the base; flowers axillary, long- pedicellate, clustered; calyx truncate, 8-12 mm. long; corolla white, the tube 14-16 mm. long, the 5 lobes linear-oblong, slightly shorter than the tube; anthers exserted. Neg. 265. Loreto: Cerro de Escalera, 1,300 meters, Ule 6680, type. FLORA OF PERU 75 The plant is quite unlike most other species of the genus, and may be referable to some other group. Schradera umbellata Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 81. 1844. Glabrous; leaves petiolate, the blades elliptic, abruptly acuminate, acute at the base, 10 cm. long; peduncles terminal, bearing a 4-rayed umbel ; flower heads surrounded by an involucre of 4 ovate, obtuse or acutish bracts. Type from the mountains of Peru. The plant is referred with doubt to this genus by Presl. I suspect that it may be a species of Cephaelis. 35. GONZALAGUNIA R. & P. Shrubs or small trees, often with recurved or long and more or less pendent branches, the branches terete or nearly so; stipules per- sistent, sheathing; leaves opposite, short-petiolate or almost sessile; flowers small, in cymes arranged in spike-like inflorescences, often secund, 4-5-parted; calyx cupular, dentate or lobate; corolla salver- form or funnelform, the tube often elongate, the lobes imbricate, obtuse; stamens included, inserted in the corolla tube; fruit baccate, 2- or 4-celled, lobate, depressed; seeds numerous, minute, foveolate. Leaves densely white-tomentose beneath, rugose, the veins impressed above G. dependens. Leaves green beneath, neither tomentose nor rugose. Inflorescence very thick and dense, scarcely interrupted ; branches pilose with long, spreading hairs G. pachy stocky a. Inflorescence slender and much interrupted; branches strigose or appressed- or ascending-pilose. Calyx lobes acute or acuminate; leaves small, mostly 1.5-4.5 cm. wide G. cornifolia. Calyx lobes obtuse or rounded; leaves large, mostly 6-15 cm. wide G. bunchosioides. Gonzalagunia bunchosioides Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 162. 1930. A shrub, the branches hispid-strigose; stipules 5-8 mm. long, attenuate-acuminate; leaves short-petiolate, thin, the blades ovate to broadly elliptic, 11-26 cm. long, acuminate, acute or obtuse at the base, sparsely hispidulous above, more densely so beneath; panicles 76 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII 6-30 cm. long pedunculate; calyx lobes ovate or rounded, unequal; corolla white, densely appressed-pilose, the tube 4-5 mm. long, the lobes 2-2.5 mm. long; fruit 4-celled, 3.5-5 mm. wide. Loreto: Pebas, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1772, type; also Nos. 1597, 1910, 1680, 1756, 1794. Mouth of Rio Santiago, upper Maranon, 160 meters, Tessmann 4254, 4364- Also in Colombia. Gonzalagunia cornifolia (HBK.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 279. 1929. Gonzalea cornifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 416. 1819. Gonzalagunia panamensis var. cornifolia Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 293. 1889. (?)G. panamensis var. hirsuta Schum. loc. cit. G. panamensis var. longistipula Schum. loc. cit. A slender shrub 2-4.5 meters high with elongate branches, the branchlets densely appressed-pilose or strigose; leaves membranace- ous, often almost sessile, lanceolate to ovate, usually 6-13 cm. long, long-acuminate, rounded to acutish at the base, copiously appressed- pilose; panicles spike-like, short or elongate; calyx lobes deltoid to lanceolate; corolla white, 8-10 mm. long, densely appressed- pilose; fruit white. Neg. 270. Ayacucho: Near Kimpitiriki, 400 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 23043. Loreto: Fortaleza, King 2790. Fundo Indiana, Lower Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 576, 374, 383, 449, 579, 386, 385, 581, 580. Near Iquitos, common, Williams 8227. Balsapuerto, Killip & Smith 28450, 28592. Soledad, on Rio Itaya, 110 meters, Killip & Smith 29679. San Martin: Lamas, near Tarapoto, Wil- liams 6351. Juan Jui, 400 meters, Klug 3809. San Roque, in forest, 1,400 meters, Williams 7791. Tarapoto, in forest, Wil- liams 6316, 6036, 6072, 6098; Mathews 1545. Moyobamba, Mathews 1618. Ranging to Colombia. "Bochata," "mullaca." Gonzalagunia panamensis var. hirsuta was based upon Spruce 4863 from Tarapoto, which I have not seen, but probably it is referable here. Var. longistipula was based in part upon Spruce 3937 from the same locality, which, also, I have not seen, but it is almost certainly synonymous with G. cornifolia. Gonzalagunia dependens R. & P. Fl. 1: 56. pi. 86. 1798. Gonzalea pendula Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 132. 1805. Gonzalea tomentosa H. & B. PI. Aequin. 1: 225. pi. 64- 1808. Gonzalagunia tomentosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 284. 1891. A shrub 2-4.5 meters high with elongate and often drooping branches, the branchlets densely whitish-tomentose; leaves short- petiolate, thick, lanceolate or lance-oblong, 8-15 cm. long, long- FLORA OF PERU 77 acuminate, obtuse or acute at the base, bright green and glabrous above, whitish beneath; inflorescence a long, narrow, spike-like panicle, densely tomentose; calyx lobes very short; corolla pink with white lobes, tomentose, 1 cm. long; fruit 4-celled, purple or red. Neg. 267. Ayacucho: Carrapa, 1,500 meters, Killip & Smith 22349, 23227. Cuzco: Urubamba Valley, Weberbauer 5064. Huanuco: Chin- chao, Ruiz (photo, and fragm. of type ex hb. Berol.). Junin: La Merced, 700 meters, Killip & Smith 23541- Dos de Mayo, 1,800 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 25855. Extending to Colombia and Venezuela. Gonzalagunia pachystachya Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 213. 1936. A shrub or tree as much as 6 meters high, the branches densely pilose or hirsute with stiff, spreading hairs; stipules 16-19 mm. long; leaves very shortly petiolate, ovate or oblong-ovate, 13-18 cm. long, narrowly attenuate-acuminate, obtuse or rounded at the base, sparsely short-hirsute above, densely long-pilose especially beneath along the nerves; inflorescence very dense and spike-like, sometimes 3 cm. thick, 15-22 cm. long; hypanthium densely hispidulous; sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, 1-1.5 mm. long; corolla white, hispid, the tube 7 mm. long. Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Maranon Valley, in upland forest, 160 meters, Tessmann 4295, type. Above Pongo de Man- seriche, on steep hillside, 300 meters, Mexia 6215. The flowers are white and fragrant, the inflorescences drooping. 36. ISERTIA Schreb. Shrubs or small trees with thick branches; stipules usually 4 and distinct, glandular within; leaves large, coriaceous, opposite, petio- late, often tomentose beneath; flowers showy, arranged in large, terminal, thyrsoid panicles, usually 6-parted ; calyx cupular, truncate or dentate; corolla tubular-funnelform, subcoriaceous, the short lobes imbricate, the tube pubescent in the throat; stamens exserted, the anthers linear; ovary 2-6-celled; fruit baccate, globose, contain- ing numerous small, foveolate seeds. Leaves glabrous I. rosea. Leaves white-tomentose or pubescent beneath. Corolla glabrous outside I. Krausei. 78 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Corolla variously pubescent. Corolla red and yellow, pubescent with short, more or less spreading hairs. Corolla tube 2.5-3 cm. long /. Weberbaueri. Corolla tube 3.5-4.5 cm. long /. Hoehnei. Corolla white, pubescent with fine, appressed hairs. Venation of the upper leaf surface conspicuously impressed; corolla tube less than 2.5 cm. long I. parvifolia. Venation of the upper leaf surface not impressed; corolla tube 3-3.5 cm. long /. alba. Isertia alba Sprague, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 22: 434. 1905. Creatantha peruviana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 344. 1931. A shrub or tree, sometimes as much as 9 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, membranaceous, the blades obovate to broadly elliptic, 20-30 cm. long or larger, abruptly acuminate or cuspidate- acuminate, acute at the base, covered beneath with a very fine and close, white or grayish tomentum; panicles large and dense; corolla slender, white, very closely and usually sparsely sericeous, sometimes glabrate; fruit globose, red, 1 cm. in diameter. Junin: Puerto Yessup, 400 meters, edge of woods, Killip & Smith 26331, type of Creatantha peruviana. Pichis Trail, Santa Rosa, 625-900 meters, Killip & Smith 26202. Loreto: Yurimaguas, Spruce 3878, type collection; in forest, Williams 7856; Killip & Smith 27966. Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 4432. Fortaleza, 200 meters, in forest, Williams 4418, 4381 ; Klug 2792. Sachachoro, 180 meters, in cut-over woods, Mexia 6086, 6086a. Colombia. "Asaquiro," "asaquiru," "asarquiro." In the original publication of this species, the locality was given erroneously as Colombia, but this was corrected later by Wernham (see Kew Bull. 65. 1914). The plant has been confused with Isertia hypoleuca Benth. of the northern coast of South America, which seems not to be represented by Peruvian collections. When the genus Creatantha was published by the writer, there was available very ample material of a single collection. In this all the corollas were uniformly funnelform-campanulate, the tube being nearly or quite obsolete. The flowers appeared to be normal, and there was no reason to doubt that a distinct new genus was repre- sented. Soon after the publication of the genus, the writer received from Berlin a collection of Rubiaceae in which was the Tessmann FLORA OF PERU 79 collection cited above. In that there were found upon the same branch corollas of the type just described and other tubular ones such as are normal for the genus Isertia. It seems certain, therefore, that the campanulate corollas are induced by some abnormal con- dition, probably by insect action, although no proof of insect activity is apparent in the specimens examined. Isertia Hoehnei Krause, Archiv. Bot. S; Paulo 1: 115. 1925. A large shrub or small tree; leaves rather long-petiolate, large, broadly obovate or oval, abruptly contracted at the apex and short- acuminate, acute at the base or rounded and abruptly short-decur- rent, green and glabrous on the upper surface, covered beneath by a very fine and close, white tomentum; inflorescence large and many-flowered; corolla red and yellow, the tube relatively stout. Loreto: Pebas on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1743. Caballo- cocha, in forest, Williams 2200. Rio Putumayo, King 1627. La Chorrera, Fox 18. Also in Colombia. Isertia Krausei Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 216. 1936. Branches very stout, glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, the blades coriaceous, oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, large, acuminate, atten- uate to the base, glabrous and shining above, short-pilose beneath on the veins and minutely tomentose in the areoles; panicles large, rather dense, pedunculate; corolla 3.5 cm. long, with short lobes and a stout, thick tube. Libertad: Without locality, Weberbauer 7066, type. Isertia parvifolia Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 278. 1929. Sometimes a tree of 6 meters, the branchlets densely puberulent; stipules 5-7 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, the blades coriaceous, oblong to elliptic, 12-25 cm. long, acuminate, acute at the base, glabrous above, densely and minutely white-tomentose beneath; panicles usually only 5-8 cm. long, the flowers sessile or short- pedicellate; corolla tube 22 mm. long, the oval lobes 6-7 mm. long. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1,500 meters, Schunke 393, type. Above San Ramon, 1,300-1,700 meters, Schunke A27. San Martin: Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, in forest, King 3456. Rio Mayo, Spruce 4846. Isertia rosea Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 284. 1889. A shrub or small tree, glabrous throughout; leaves slender- petiolate, shining, rather thin, the blades oblanceolate-oblong to 80 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII obovate, 12-35 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, sometimes rounded and apiculate, acute or cuneately narrowed at the base; panicles large and dense; corolla rose-purple or "red," 4 cm. long, with very slender tube; ovary 4-celled; fruit globose, 6 mm. in diameter. Neg. 280. Loreto: Manfinfa, Alto Rio Nanay, river bank, Williams 1111. Puerto Corina, Alto Nanay, Williams 1159. Iquitos, Williams 8239; Tessmann 3535. Florida, 180 meters, King 2269. Also in Brazil, Venezuela, and the Guianas. "Isico-ey" (Huitoto name, Klug). Isertia Weberbaueri Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 277. 1929. A tree 8 meters high, the branchlets glabrate; stipules 7 mm. long, the lobes obtuse; leaves rather long-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades 19-28 cm. long, glabrous above, densely and minutely white- tomentose beneath, rounded at the apex and abruptly short-acum- inate, acute at the base; panicles 25 cm. long; corolla dark red with yellow throat, the tube 27 mm. long, puberulent, the oval lobes 5-6 mm. long. Libertad : Valley of Rio Mixiollo, 1,400 meters, Weberbauer 7054, type; 7066. Loreto: Caballo-cocha, in forest, Williams 2071. 37. COGCOCYPSELUM Sw. Prostrate annual or perennial herbs; leaves opposite, petiolate; flowers small, blue or purple, capitate, the heads axillary, sessile or pedunculate; calyx 4-lobate, the lobes narrow; corolla funnelform, the throat glabrous, the limb 4-lobate, the lobes valvate; stamens inserted in the corolla tube; fruit baccate, ovoid or globose, 2-celled, usually blue; seeds minute, numerous, subangulate, granulate. Heads few-flowered; leaves glabrous or with sparse, appressed pubescence. Hypanthium usually glabrous; leaves glabrous or nearly so except for appressed hairs on the upper surface near the margin. C. Condalia. Hypanthium appressed-pilose; leaves more or less appressed- pilose beneath over the whole surface C. decumbens. Heads many-flowered; leaves densely pubescent. Pubescence of the stems spreading; leaves mostly more or less cordate at the base C. hirsutum. Pubescence of the stems appressed or ascending; leaves not cor- date at the base.. . .C. lanceolatum. FLORA OF PERU 81 Coccocypselum Condalia Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 132. 1805. Con- dalia repens R. & P. Fl. 1 : 54. pi. 84, /. a. 1798, non Coccocypselum repens Sw. 1788. Coccocypselum umbellatum Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 2: 308. 1811. C. glabrum Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 18: 108. 1891, non DC. 1830. C.Brittoni Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 368. 1907. A prostrate perennial, nearly glabrous, the stems sometimes sparsely appressed -pilose; leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblong- ovate or oblong, 2.5-6.5 cm. long, acute, acute or obtuse at the base, often purplish beneath and usually quite glabrous; peduncles longer than the petioles, slender; calyx lobes lance-linear, acute or acum- inate, about equaling the hypanthium; corolla purple; berry deep blue, usually 6-7 mm. long, glabrous or nearly so. Huanuco: Condalia repens described from Pillao, Cochero, and Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavdn. Junin: Dos de Mayo, 1,800 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 25867. East of Quimiri Bridge, near La Merced, 800-1,300 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 23856. San Martin: San Roque, 1,400 meters, in forest, Williams 7113, 6994. Ranging to Paraguay, Brazil, and the Guianas. Coccocypselum decumbens Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 323. 1908. A much-branched, prostrate perennial, the stems appressed- pilose with yellowish hairs; leaf blades ovate or oblong-ovate, 2-4.5 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at the base, thinly appressed-pilose or sometimes glabrate above; heads long-pedunculate, with 3 or more sessile flowers; calyx lobes linear- attenuate, twice as long as the hypanthium; corolla pale blue; berry deep blue or blackish, 5 mm. long. Neg. 261. Huanuco: Vilcabamba, 1,800 meters, wet banks, 4974- Puno: Between Tambo Yuncacoya and Tambo Cachicachi, Weberbauer 1141, type. Probably this is only a variant of C. Condalia. Coccocypselum hirsutum Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4: 396. 1830. Branches densely hirsute or hispid; stipules subulate, 3-6 mm. long; leaf blades oval to rounded-ovate, rounded to acutish at the apex, hirsute or hispid with long, spreading, yellowish hairs; pedun- cles 1-3 cm. long; calyx lobes linear, acute, 2.5-5 mm. long; corolla 12-14 mm. long, hirsute; fruit hirsute, 6-10 mm. in diameter. "Sapu-quina." Huanuco: Monson, Weberbauer 3478. San Martin: San Roque, 1,400 meters, Williams 7307. Ranging from Bolivia to Mexico and Trinidad. 82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Coccocypselum lanceolatum (R. & P.) Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 132. 1805. Condalia lanceolata R. & P. Fl. 1: 54. 1798. Coccocypselum repens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 316. 1819, non Sw. 1788. Cocco- cypselum canescens Willd. ex C. & S. Linnaea 4: 139. 1829. Tontanea canescens Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 146. 1921. Plants rather large and much branched, prostrate; stipules linear- subulate, 3-10 mm. long; leaf blades oblong to ovate, 2-8 cm. long, acute or obtuse, obtuse or rounded at the base, densely appressed- pilose on both surfaces with fulvous hairs, or the hairs of the lower surface somewhat spreading; peduncles 1-6 cm. long; calyx lobes oblong or ovate, .2-3 mm. long, obtuse; corolla blue, 5 mm. long, densely pilose; fruit bright blue, densely pilose, 5-7 mm. in diameter. Ayacucho: Carrapa, 1,000 meters, wooded hillside, Killip & Smith 22462. Huanuco: Described from forests of Cochero and Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavon. Vilcabamba, 1,800 meters, steep clay banks, 4973. La Merced, 1,200 meters, loose soil of open bank, 5762. Chanchamayo Valley, 1,000-1,500 meters, Schunke 1463, 1442, 361, 396, 372, 110. Huacapistana, 1,800-2,400 meters, Killip & Smith 24132. Above San Ramon, 1,400 meters, Schunke A18; Killip & Smith 24559. Enefias, 1,700 meters, open sphagnum bog, Killip & Smith 25697. San Martin: Zepelacio, 1,200-1,600 meters, King 3393. Widely distributed in tropical America, usually at middle elevations. 38. HIPPOTIS R. & P. Shrubs or small trees; stipules large, caducous; leaves opposite, petiolate, the blades thin; flowers large, solitary or in 2-3-flowered cymes, 5-parted, often somewhat asymmetric; calyx elongate, spathaceous or bilabiate; corolla tubular or funnelform, the short lobes plicate-valvate, the cylindric tube usually curved, glabrous within or pilose at the insertion of the stamens; stamens usually unequal, inserted at or below the middle of the tube, the anthers included ; ovary 2-celled ; fruit baccate, globose, the seeds numerous, small, foveolate. Two other species are known, in Colombia and Ecuador. Calyx bilabiate, the segments not contracted at the apex, 2-3-den- tate ; corolla glabrous within, the lobes minute . . . . H. tubiflora. Calyx spathaceous or bifid, the lobes contracted and cucullate at the apex; corolla pilose within above the base, the lobes one- fifth to one-fourth as long as the tube. FLORA OF PERU 83 Peduncles 5-8 cm. long or more H. triflora. Peduncles 2 cm. long or less H. brevipes. Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 297. 1889) states that " H. peruviana Karst.," in his opinion, is not distinct from H. albiflora Karst. This seems to be the only publication of the name peruviana. Hippotis albiflora is a Colombian species, of which I have seen no Peruvian material. Hippotis brevipes Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 298. pi. 138, f. 2. 1889. A shrub 1.5-4 meters high or more, the branchlets hispid; stipules ovate-triangular, 1 cm. long; leaves short-petiolate, the blades elliptic-obovate to lance-oblong, 8-20 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, acute at the base, hispid above, rather softly pilose beneath; calyx 2 cm. long, red, hispid; corolla 3 cm. long, densely hispid, the lobes retuse, glabrous within; fruit hispid, 8 mm. in diameter. Neg. 298. Loreto: Pumayacu, Klug 3150. Pongo de Cainarache, Vie 6377, 6378; Klug 2760. Balsapuerto, Killip & Smith 28436. Mouth of Rio Santiago, dense forest, Mexia 6381. San Martin: Rio Mayo near Tarapoto, Spruce 4375, type collection. San Roque, in forest, Williams 6945, 7619. Juan Jui, 400 meters, Klug 3882. Hippotis brevipes var. ucayalina Huber (Bol. Mus. Goeldi 4: 613. 1906) is described as differing from the type in the slender, longer (5 mm.) pedicels, the less densely hispid calyx and corolla, and the more slender corolla. Apparently it is a form of slight im- portance. The type is Huber 1456 from Cerro de Canchahuaya near Tarapoto. It is described as a shrub with scarlet flowers. Hippotis triflora R. & P. Prodr. 33. 1794; Fl. 2: 56. pi. 201. 1799. A shrub 3-4.5 meters high, the branchlets hispidulous or strigose; stipules broadly oblong, 2 cm. long, subobtuse; leaves on rather short petioles, the blades obovate-oblong to obovate-elliptic, 10-18 cm. long or larger, thin, short-acuminate, acute at the base, densely soft- pilose beneath; inflorescences long-pedunculate, 2-3-flowered, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx 1.5-2 cm. long, appressed-pilose; corolla 2 cm. long, appressed-pilose, the tube pale pink with cream- colored pubescence, the lobes rich pink; fruit globose, 8 mm. in diameter, appressed-pilose. Neg. 299. Huanuco: Described from Cochero, Macora, and Marimarcha- hua, Ruiz & Pavdn. Cochero, Dombey. Pampayacu, Sawada 25. Junin: San Nicolas, 1,100 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 84 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII 26000. Loreto: Balsapuerto, 150-350 meters, Killip & Smith 28436 Without locality: Poeppig 1240. Hippotis tubiflora Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras, 6, pt. 6: 298. 1889. Branchlets appressed-pilose; leaves short-petiolate, the blades obovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 8-10 cm. long, acuminate, atten- uate to the base, sericeous or strigose; inflorescence short-peduncu- late, 3-5-flowered; calyx 8-9 mm. long, pilose; corolla 3 cm. long, strigose, the lobes truncate and retuse; fruit globose, 1 cm. in diam- eter, glabrate. Neg. 297. San Martin: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 3949, type collection. Pongo de Cainarachi, 230 meters, in clearing, Klug 2621. Loreto: Balsa- puerto, 220 meters, in forest, Klug 3084. Described by Klug as a shrub of 2 meters with bright rose or flesh-red flowers. 39. SOMMERA Schlecht. Shrubs or small trees; stipules caducous; leaves opposite, petio- late, membranaceous, the areoles between the veinlets finely lineo- late; inflorescences axillary, cymose, the flowers 5-parted; calyx deeply lobate, the lobes foliaceous; corolla funnelform, the throat villous, the lobes acute; stamens inserted at the middle of the tube, included: fruit baccate, 2-celled; seeds numerous, small, smooth. Sommera sabiceoides Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 300. pi. 133,}. 1. 1889. A shrub or small tree, 1-7.5 meters high, the branchlets strigose; stipules 1.5-2 cm. long; leaves slender-petiolate, the blades oblong to obovate, 7-19 cm. long, short-acuminate, acute at the base, glabrous above, more or less strigose or sericeous beneath; cymes pedunculate, shorter than the leaves, few-flowered, the flowers subsessile; calyx lobes lanceolate or oblong, acute or obtuse, green, 9-11 mm. long; corolla white, appressed-pilose, 15-17 mm. long, the lobes 5-6 mm. long; fruit subglobose, about 8 mm. in diameter. Loreto: Above Pongo de Manseriche, 200 meters, Mexia 6133, 6304- La Victoria, on the Amazon, edge of forest, Williams 2664, 2862, 2935, 3099. Rio Nanay, Williams 554. Rio Masana, Williams 147. Pebas, in forest, Williams 1810. Caballo-cocha, in forest, Williams 2167, 2076. Mishuyacu, Klug 740, 785. Fortaleza, Yurimaguas, Williams 4446. Rio Huallaga, Spruce 1645. Parana Pura, Yurimaguas, Williams 4603. Iquitos, edge of forest, Williams FLORA OF PERU 85 8185, 8053; Tessmann 3687; Killip & Smith 27397. Puerto Arturo, Williams 5236. Lower Rio Huallaga, 135 meters, Killip & Smith 29254. Rio Maranon near mouth of Rio Tigre, wooded bank, Killip & Smith 27534- Also in Amazonian Brazil. 40. PENTAGONIA Benth. Shrubs or trees, branched or often simple; stipules large; leaves ample, entire or pinnatifid, the areoles with numerous fine, parallel striolations; flowers large, in dense, sessile or pedunculate, axillary, trichotomous cymes, 5-6-parted; calyx tubular or spathaceous, persistent; corolla funnelform or tubular, coriaceous, the lobes valvate in bud; stamens inserted below the middle of the tube, the filaments equal or unequal, often villous at the base; fruit baccate, 2-celled, ovoid or globose; seeds numerous, small, angulate. Leaf blades narrowed to the base, the base itself cordate. P. subauriculata. Leaf blades acute or acuminate at the base. Leaves glabrous or practically so P. spathicalyx. Leaves densely pubescent beneath. Leaf blades broadly obovate or oblong-obovate, with about 13 pairs of nerves P. velutina. Leaf blades narrowly oblong-lanceolate, with 30-36 pairs of nerves. Corolla glabrous outside; leaves 18 cm. wide. .P. Williamsii. Corolla pilose; leaves 40-50 cm. wide P. gigantifolia. Pentagonia peruviana Standl., in spite of its specific name, is actually a plant of Ecuador. Pentagonia gigantifolia Ducke, Archiv. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 5: 181. 1930. A simple tree 4-5 meters high; stipules lanceolate, 5 cm. long, brownish-tomentose; petioles very short and thick; leaf blades mostly 120-150 cm. long, or as much as 180 cm., long-cuneate at the base and gradually decurrent, acute or short-acuminate, the nerves 32-36 pairs, glabrous above, pilosulous beneath, villous-tomentose on the veins; calyx red, with the hypanthium 4 cm. long, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate, pilose outside, the hypanthium densely villous-tomentose; corolla yellow, 1.5-2 cm. longer than the calyx, the lobes broadly ovate, acuminate. 86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Loreto: In forest, Indiana, near the Amazon above the mouth of Rio Napo, Ducke 21682, type. Dr. Ducke states that this plant has the largest leaves of any dicotyledonous plant with which he is familiar. Pentagonia spathicalyx Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 302. 1889. A shrub or tree 1-5 meters high; stipules triangular-lanceolate, 3 cm. long or larger; leaves long-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades oblong-obovate or broadly obovate, 15-45 cm. wide or larger, acuminate, acute at the base; calyx spathaceous, 2 cm. long; bracts red ; corolla white or yellowish white, with pink lobes, 3-4 cm. long, pubescent or glabrate; fruit ellipsoid, 2 cm. long. Neg. 6051. Loreto: Mouth of Rio Apaga, Tessmann 4831. Mishuyacu, near Rio Putumayo, King 1610. Iquitos, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 483, 159. San Antonio, 110 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 294-54- Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, 150 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 28222; Klug 3031. San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, Klug 2670. Also in Amazonian Brazil and Colombia. Klug describes the flowers as white, rose and white, or yellow and garnet. Pentagonia subauriculata Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 347. 1931. A shrub; leaves sessile, elliptic-obovate, 70 cm. long and 30 cm. wide, short-acuminate, appressed-pilose beneath on the veins or glabrate, with about 19 pairs of nerves; bracts red; calyx spathaceous, 2-2.5 cm. long, deeply split along one side, puberulent or glabrate; corolla white, glabrous outside, the tube 3 cm. long, the lobes ovate- triangular, 7 mm. long. Loreto: Santa Rosa, lower Rio Huallaga below Yurimaguas, 135 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 28959, type. Pentagonia velutina Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 347. 1931. A shrub or small tree; leaf blades 40-45 cm. long and 19-25 cm. wide or larger, acute, glabrous above, densely velvety-pilose beneath; fruit globose, 2 cm. in diameter, glabrate; calyx subspatha- ceous, 1.5-2 cm. long, bilobate, the lobes oblong, acute. Loreto: Puerto Arturo, Yurimaguas, in forest, 200 meters, Williams 5280 (type), 5046. Pentagonia Williamsii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 167. 1930. A shrub; leaves very shortly petiolate, the blades 80 cm. long and 16-18 cm. wide or larger, long-acuminate, long-attenuate to the FLORA OF PERU 87 base, glabrous above, densely spreading-pilose beneath; flowers densely cymose-congested in the leaf axils; calyx 2 cm. long, bilobate to the middle, the segments oblong, obtuse, sparsely pilose or almost glabrous outside; corolla glabrous outside, the tube 2.5-3.2 cm. long, the lobes broadly ovate, acute, 4-5 mm. long. Loreto: Pebas, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1949, type. 41. SABICEA Aubl. Herbs or shrubs, mostly scandent and tomentose or villous; stipules commonly persistent, often broad; leaves opposite, petiolate; flowers chiefly 5-parted, small or medium-sized, in axillary heads or cymes; calyx 3-5-lobate, persistent; corolla funnelform or salver- form, the throat pubescent, the lobes valvate in bud ; stamens inserted in the tube, with linear anthers; ovary 3-5-celled; fruit baccate; seeds small, numerous, irregular, foveolate. Leaves densely tomentose and usually white beneath. Inflorescences pedunculate S. Klugii. Inflorescences sessile. Corolla tube 5 mm. long S. cana. Corolla tube 20 mm. long S. amazonensis. Leaves not tomentose. Flowers in dense, sessile, axillary heads S. villosa. Flowers in pedunculate heads or cymes. Pubescence of the stems and leaves of spreading hairs. Peduncles shorter than the cymes; bracts small, 5 mm. long or less S. Pearcei. Peduncles longer than the cymes; bracts 15 mm. long or more S. subinvolucrata. Pubescence of the stems and leaves appressed. Bracts at the base of the inflorescence large and conspicuous, more or less connate S. umbellata. Bracts small and inconspicuous, not connate. .S. paraensis. Sabicea amazonensis Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 47. pi. 5, f. 3, 4- 1914. A suffrutescent vine, the young stems hirsute; leaves short- petiolate, the blades acuminate, green and long-hirsute above, densely whitish-tomentose and hirsute beneath; flowers in dense, 88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII sessile, axillary heads, subtended by large, involucre-like bracts; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, 7-9 mm. long; corolla white, the lobes about 4 mm. long. Loreto: Florida, Rio Putumayo, 200 meters, in forest, Klug 2085. Also in Amazonian Brazil and Venezuela. Sabicea cana Hook. Icon. PL pi. 247. 1840. S. flavida Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 323. 1908. A scandent shrub with arachnoid-tomentose branches; stipules ovate, subobtuse, 8 mm. long; leaves rather long-petiolate, broadly ovate to elliptic-oblong, acute or acuminate at each end, sparsely arachnoid and greenish above, white beneath; flowers crowded in dense sessile heads, whitish-tomentose; calyx lobes triangular; corolla white, the tube 4-5 mm. long, the lobes 2-3 mm. long; fruit pale violet. Huanuco: Chicoplaya, Ruiz & Pawn (ex Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 52. 1914). Junin: Near La Merced, 800-1,300 meters, in forest, Kittip & Smith 23925. Loreto: Balsapuerto, Klug 2882. Habana, near Moyobamba, 800-900 meters, Weberbauer 4568, type of S. flavida. Moyobamba, Mathews. San Martin: Cerro de Cam- pana, Spruce (ex Wernh. loc. cit.). Also in Colombia. Sabicea Klugii Standl., sp. nov. Frutex scandens, ramis dense laxiuscule tomentosis et pilis longis mollibus pilosis, internodiis brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae 5-7 mm. longae late ovatae subobtusae extus dense longipilosae erectae vel subreflexae; folia mediocria breviter petiolata subcoriacea, petiolo crasso dense piloso 5-10 mm. longo; lamina ovata, late ovata vel elliptica 6-10 cm. longa 3.5-5 cm. lata acuta vel subacuminata interdum obtusa, basi acuta ad rotundata, supra dense molliter pilosa et laxe tomentosa, subtus dense laxe sordide tomentosa et praesertim ad nervos longipilosa, nervis lateralibus utroque latere circa 10 valde arcuatis; flores albi capitati numerosi, capitulis sub- globosis 2 cm. diam., bracteis inconspicuis, pedunculo crasso dense pilis ochraceis adpresso-piloso usque ad 2.5 cm. longo; sepala 3 mm. longa extus dense pilosa lineari-triangularia versus apicem sensim attenuata; corolla non visa. San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1,200-1,600 meters, in clearing, Klug 3425 (herb. Field Mus. No. 736,762, type). Sabicea paraensis (Schum.) Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 31. pi. 12. 1914. S. umbellata var. paraensis Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6,pt. 6:304. 1889. FLORA OF PERU 89 A scandent shrub with strigose branches; stipules brownish, oblong-ovate, 1 cm. long; leaves short-petiolate, the blades ovate to oblong, acuminate, acute or obtuse at the base, sparsely hirtous above, green and appressed-pilose beneath or glabrate; inflores- cence laxly cymose, 4-5 mm. wide; calyx lobes 2-3 mm. long, sub- setaceous; corolla white, sparsely strigose, the tube 1 cm. long, the oblong-linear lobes 2 mm. long; fruit deep red, sparsely strigose. Loreto: Iquitos, in forest, Williams 3635; open swamp, Killip & Smith 27210, 26983. La Victoria, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 2566; edge of forest, Williams 2907. Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, King 10-40. Pena Blanca, Rio Itaya, Kittip & Smith 29666. Florida, 180 meters, King 2160. Also in Amazon- ian Brazil. "Ruicha-o" (Huitoto name). Sabicea Pearcei Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 38. pi. 3,f.l. 1914. A scandent shrub, the branches softly pilose; stipules broadly ovate, 11 mm. long; leaves slender-petiolate, the blades oblong- elliptic, acuminate, acute at the base, spreading-pilose or somewhat hirsute on both surfaces; inflorescence lax, hispidulous, the bracts lanceolate; calyx lobes subsetaceous, 4-5 mm. long; fruit white or deep purple. Junin: Yapas, 1,350-1,600 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 25598. Also in Bolivia. Sabicea pumila Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4: 440. 1830. Type from the mountains of Huanuco, Haenke. Wernham (Monogr. Sabicea 75. 1914) states that he has examined the type in the De Candolle Herbarium. The material, which is very scant, does not represent a Sabicea, but is, perhaps, a species of Hoffmannia. Sabicea subinvolucrata Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 38. pi. 3, f. 2, 3. 1914. A large vine, the branches densely soft-pilose, finally glabrate; leaves short-petiolate, the blades elliptic to oblong, about 10 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide, long-acuminate, acute at the base, hispidulous above, strigose beneath; stipules broadly ovate, 8-9 mm. long, deflexed; inflorescence lax or dense, many-flowered; calyx lobes linear or linear-lanceolate, 4 mm. long; corolla white, 7-8 mm. long, sparsely strigose. San Martin: Type collected near Tarapoto, Spruce 4370. San Roque, in forest, Wittiams 7106. 90 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Sabicea umbellata (R. & P.) Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 203. 1805. Schwenkfelda umbellata R. & P. Fl. 2: 55. pi. 200, /. a. 1799. Sabicea, umbellata var. genuina Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 304. 1889. A scandent shrub with strigose or glabrate branches; stipules large, ovate; leaves petiolate, the blades elliptic or ovate, acuminate, strigose on the nerves, at least beneath, elsewhere glabrate; inflores- cence lax, many-flowered, the flowers pedicellate; bracts ovate or lanceolate; calyx lobes linear-setaceous, 5 mm. long or more; corolla white, strigose. Huanuco: Originally described from Cochero, Macora, and Chin- chao, Ruiz & Pawn (specimen collected by Ruiz seen, ex hb. Berol.). Cochero, Dombey 561 (ex Wernham). Without locality: Mathews 1951. Wernham reports also Poeppig 43 and 1226. Sabicea villosa R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 265. 1819. S. Ursula HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 417. 1820. A large, herbaceous or suffrutescent vine with hirsute branches; stipules brownish, broadly ovate, reflexed; leaves short-petiolate, the blades elliptic-oblong to ovate, acuminate, hirsute; flowers densely crowded in the leaf axils, sessile; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate; corolla white, strigose, the tube 6 mm. long; fruit oval, purple, 1 cm. long, juicy. "Puchen-mullaca." Neg. 302. Ayacucho: Prov. Huanta, Raimondi 10420. Huanuco: Pillao, Ruiz. Junin: San Nicolas, 1,100 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 26046. Loreto: Santa Ana, Rio Nanay, Williams 1227. Pebas, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1746. La Victoria, in pasture, Williams 2785. Iquitos, Williams 1408, 7946; open swamp, Killip & Smith 27211. Puno: Tatanara, Lechler 2510 (ex Wernham). San Martin: San Roque, Williams 7469. Tarapoto, Spruce 4837 (ex Wernham). Widely distributed in South America, extending northward to Central America. Sabicea villosa R. & S. var. adpressa (Wernham) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 7: 52. 1930. S. hirsuta var. adpressa Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 55. 1914. Like the species, except that the hairs of the stems and leaves are more or less closely appressed. "Pulma de mullaca." Loreto: Rio Nanay, Williams 329, 376, 305. Rio Masana, in forest, Williams 107. Caballo-cocha, in forest, Williams 2203. Ranging with the species. FLORA OF PERU 91 42. HOFFMANNIA Sw. Herbs or shrubs, simple or branched; stipules interpetiolar, free; leaves opposite or verticillate, petiolate, herbaceous or membrana- ceous, often marked with cystoliths; inflorescence axillary, few- or many-flowered, usually cymose, the flowers sometimes fasciculate in the leaf axils, 4-parted; calyx short, lobate; corolla salverform or short-funnelform, the lobes imbricate in bud; stamens inserted in the mouth of the corolla, the filaments short; ovary 2-4-celled; fruit baccate, juicy, the seeds numerous, minute. Leaves glabrous beneath. Flowers densely fascicled in the leaf axils, sessile or nearly so; leaf blades oblong-oblanceolate H. aggregata. Flowers in pedunculate cymes, pedicellate; leaf blades elliptic or obovate-elliptic H. obovata. Leaves variously pubescent beneath, at least along the costa. Calyx lobes linear, 4-6 mm. long H. Mathewsii. Calyx lobes broader, less than 2 mm. long. Flowers densely glomerate in the leaf axils. Leaf blades oblan- ceolate; stems rufous- villous H. Williamsii. Flowers in long-pedunculate cymes. Leaves chiefly ternate, the blades oblanceolate or oblanceo- late-oblong, short-petiolate H. verticillata. Leaves opposite, the blades chiefly elliptic or obovate, long- petiolate. Cymes about 3-flowered; leaves with conspicuous pale raphids beneath H. villosula. Cymes several- or many-flowered; leaves without evident raphids beneath H . latifolia. Hoffmannia aggregata (R. & P.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 327. 1889. Ohigginsia aggregata R. & P. Fl. 1: 55. pi. 88, f. b. 1798. Higginsia aggregata Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 133. 1805. Evosmia aggregata Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 417. 1825. (?) Higginsia angtistifolia Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4: 399. 1830. A shrub 1-3.5 meters high, simple or often branched, the branches glabrous; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, long-acuminate, long- tapering to the base and often almost sessile, paler beneath; calyx lobes linear or lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 mm. long; corolla reddish yellow, 92 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII 6-7 mm. long, the spreading lobes about as long as the tube; fruit oval or ellipsoid, 5-6 mm. long, reddish or purple. Neg. 372. Huanuco: Described from Cochero, Chinchao, and Mufia, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo, and fragm. of authentic material seen, ex hb. Berol.). Casapi, Mathews 117. Pampayacu and Cochero, Poeppig 1066, 1029B, 1028B. Rio Huallaga Canyon below Rio Santo Do- mingo, 1,200 meters, in forest, 1+258. Tambillo, Jelski 370. Yanano, 1,800 meters, edge of spring, 4921. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1,800 meters, Schunke 437, 420. Above San Ramon, 1,300-1,700 meters, Schunke A23; in forest, Killip & Smith 24660. Without locality: Haenke; Poeppig Add. 12. The type of H. angustifolia was collected in the mountains of Peru (Huanuco?) by Haenke. I suspect that another synonym of H. aggregata is Condalia sessilis R. & P. (Fl. 1: 54. 1798; Coccocyp- selum sessile Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 132. 1805). Although described upon the preceding page of Ruiz and Pavon's work, the descriptions of the two plants are much alike. Certainly the plant can not be a species of Coccocypselum. Hoffmannia latifolia (Bartl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 284. 1891. Higginsia latifolia Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4: 399. 1830. A shrub up to 1.8 meters high, or reported, probably incorrectly, as a tree 6 meters high, the young branchlets minutely villosulous or glabrate; leaves large, herbaceous, abruptly acuminate, long- attenuate to the base, ferruginous- villosulous beneath, at least along the veins, paler beneath ; cymes equaling or shorter than the petioles, the flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes broadly triangular, obtuse, very short; corolla obtuse in bud, 5 mm. long or more, glabrous outside; fruit white, pink, or wine-colored, broadly ellipsoid, 5 mm. long or more. Ayacucho: Aina, 750-1,000 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 22767. Carrapa, 1,500 meters, Killip & Smith 22356. Cajamarca: Tambillo, Raimondi 5996. Huanuco: Type from the mountains of Peru, perhaps from Huanuco, Haenke. Pampayacu, Kanehira 102. Junin: Between San Nicolas and Azupizu, 650-900 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 26106. Also in Bolivia. Hoffmannia Mathewsii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 328. 1929. A branched shrub, the branchlets ferruginous-tomentose; leaves ternate, short-petiolate, the blades elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 3.5-5 cm. long, long-acuminate, narrowed to the base, rusty- villosulous beneath, especially on the veins; cymes long-pedunculate, laxly FLORA OF PERU 93 few-flowered, the pedicels 3-6 mm. long; corolla 10-11 mm. long, sparsely ferruginous- villosulous, the lobes half as long as the tube. Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews, type. Hoffmannia obovata (R. & P.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 281. 1929. Ohigginisia obovata R. & P. Fl. 1: 56. pi. 85, f. b. 1798. Higginsia obovata Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 133. 1805. Evosmia obovata Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 417. 1825. A sparsely branched shrub about 1 meter high; leaves opposite, on rather long petioles, the blades short-acuminate, attenuate to the base; cymes few-flowered, almost equaling the petioles, usually clustered, the flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes short; corolla flesh- colored, obtuse in bud, the tube short; fruits oblong, purple. Neg. 371. Huanuco: Type from Mufia, Ruiz & Pavon (photo, of authentic specimen seen, ex hb. Berol.). It is probable that a synonym of this, or at least a closely related species, is Condalia obovata R. & P. (Fl. 1: 54. 1798; Coccocypselum obovatum Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 132. 1805), which was described from Chinchao. The descriptions of the two plants certainly are strikingly similar. Hoffmannia verticillata (R. & P.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 281. 1929. Ohigginsia verticillata R. & P. Fl. 1: 55. pi. 85, f. a. 1798. Higginsia verticillata Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 133. 1805. Evosmia verticillata Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 417. 1825. A slender, branched shrub 1-3 meters high, the branches sparsely villous; leaves small, the blades acuminate, attenuate to the base and often almost sessile, glabrous above, puberulent or villosulous beneath along the veins; cymes mostly 3-flowered, on long, slender peduncles, usually much longer than the petioles; corolla red, 5-6 mm. long, glabrous or nearly so, the lobes shorter than the tube; fruit pink, 6-7 mm. long. Neg. 369. Huanuco: Type from forests of Muna, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo, seen of authentic specimen, ex hb. Berol.). Haucachi, 1,950 meters, bamboo thicket, 4164- Muna, 1,800-2,400 meters, May, 1863, Pearce; in damp woods, 2,700 meters, Pearce 138, 126. Junin: Carrapa, 2,700-3,200 meters, edge of forest, Killip & Smith 24459. Hoffmannia villosula Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 167. 1930. A shrub 1 meter high or less, apparently simple, the young branchlets sparsely villosulous; leaf blades thin, 9-15 cm. long, 94 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII long-acuminate, acute or attenuate at the base; cymes shorter than the petioles; calyx lobes linear-attenuate, 1.2 mm. long; fruit pink or red, oval, 6-7 mm. long. Junin: Above San Ramon, 1,400-1,700 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 24817 (type), 24544. Huanuco: Moist forest, Cochero, Poeppig 1445. Hoffmannia Williamsii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 215. 1936. Leaves slender-petiolate, the blades thin, 8-13 cm. long, long- acunainate, long-attenuate to the base, copiously rusty-villous beneath, especially on the veins; flowers densely clustered in the leaf axils, sessile or nearly so; calyx lobes very short; fruit ellipsoid, 4-5 mm. long, glabrate. San Martin: San Roque, 1,400 meters, edge of trail, Williams 7369, type. Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, in mountain forest, 1,100 meters, Klug 3759; flowers cream-colored. 43. BERTIERA Aubl. Slender shrubs or small trees; stipules interpetiolar, narrow, united at the base with the petiole; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, membranaceous; flowers small, in open, terminal panicles, the branches usually dichotomous, the flowers more or less secund, 5-parted; calyx small, cupular, truncate or dentate; corolla funnel- form, the lobes acute, contorted in bud; stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla; fruit baccate, 2-celled, subglobose; seeds numerous, minute, tuberculate. Ultimate branchlets of the inflorescence short, usually 4-6-flowered ; corolla 5-7 mm. long; fruit conspicuously 10-costate. B. guianensis. Ultimate branches usually much elongate and 10-20-flowered; corolla 3 mm. long; fruit not costate -. .B. parviflora. .Bertiera guianensis Aubl. PL Guian. 180. pi. 69. 1775. Ham- elia micrantha Poepp. ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 324. 1889, in syn. A slender shrub 2-4.5 meters high, the terete branches strigose or glabrate; stipules triangular, acuminate, 5-11 mm. long, erect; leaves short-petiolate, the blades oblong or ovate-oblong, 8-18 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse or acute at the base, sparsely appressed- pilose, at least on the veins; panicles narrow, 10-20 cm. long; calyx lobes triangular; corolla white or greenish white, strigose, the lobes FLORA OF PERU 95 much shorter than the tube; fruit depressed-globose, 4 mm. broad, deep blue to almost black. Loreto: Iquitos, 120 meters, Williams 7944,' Killip & Smith 27128. Punchana, in forest, Williams 3758. Mishuyacu, 100 meters, in forest, Klug 212. Parana Pura, Yurimaguas, in forest, Williams 4624. Fortaleza, 140 meters, in forest, Klug 2828. Florida, 180 meters, in forest, Klug 2164. Yurimaguas, edge of forest, Williams 4121. Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, 140 meters, Killip & Smith 28373, 28246. Yurimaguas, Killip & Smith 29111. Pebas, on the Amazon, Williams 1 784, 1 776. Caballo-cocha, on the Amazon, Williams 2045, 2041- San Martin: Tarapoto, 750 meters, Williams 6117, 6676. Widely distributed in tropical America. "Ruicha-ey" (Huitoto name). Bertiera parviflora Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 325. 1889. A shrub 1.5-4.5 meters high, the branches appressed-pilose; leaves short-petiolate, the blades lanceolate or lance-oblong, 12-20 cm. long, long-acuminate, acute at the base, appressed-pilose beneath on the veins; inflorescence 10-20 cm. long, long-pedunculate, the branches slender, often much elongate, the flowers on very short pedicels; calyx lobes triangular-ovate; corolla white, sparsely and minutely pilose outside, the lobes much shorter than the tube; fruit blue or dark purple, 3 mm. broad. "Mullaca grande." Neg. 2774. Loreto: Santa Rosa, 700 meters, in dense forest, Killip & Smith 26193. Puerto Bermudez, 375 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 26477. Pongo de Manseriche, Mexia 6358. Puerto Yessup, 400 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 26233. Loreto: San Antonio, Alto Rio Itaya, Williams 3442. Lower Rio Huallaga, 200 meters, Williams 3862. Pebas, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1725. San Antonio, Rio Itaya, Killip & Smith 29532. Mishuyacu, Klug 577. Caballo-cocha, on the Amazon, Williams 2324, 2253. Pinto- cocha, on the Amazon, Williams 817. Iquitos, Killip & Smith 27271 . Yurimaguas, 135 meters, Killip & Smith 29059. Also in the Amazon Valley of Brazil. 44. HAMELIA Jacq. Shrubs or small trees with opposite or verticillate leaves; stipules inconspicuous, finally deciduous; flowers rather small, often con- spicuously secund, arranged in cymes, 5-parted ; calyx short or deeply lobate; corolla tubular or funnelform and ventricose, red or yellow, 96 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII the lobes imbricate in bud; stamens adnate at base to the corolla tube, the linear anthers more or less exserted; ovary 5-celled; fruit baccate, juicy, containing many minute, foveolate seeds. Corolla tubular, orange-red; leaves usually conspicuously pubescent beneath, mostly ternate H. patens. Corolla much widened above, yellow or yellow and red; leaves glabrous or nearly so. Leaves chiefly ternate; corolla 2.5 cm. long H. Klugii. Leaves opposite; corolla 1 cm. long H. lutea. Hamelia Klugii Standl., sp. nov. Arbor 8-metralis, ramis gracilibus minute puberulis, internodiis brevibus, stipulis minutis; folia ternata parva petiolata papyracea, petiolo gracili ad 12 mm. longo; lamina lanceolato-oblonga vel oblongo-oblanceolata 4.5-9 cm. longa 1.5-3 cm. lata subabrupte anguste longiacuminata, basin versus longe attenuata, in sicco fusca, sublucida, supra glabra, subtus ubique minute papillosa, in axillis nervorum minute barbata, aliter glabra; flores ut videtur axillares vel terminales et fasciculati pauci, pedicellis gracilibus ad 14 mm. longis minute puberulis; hypanthium oblongum 5 mm. longum minute puberulum, sepalis lineari-oblongis obtusis viridibus 4-5 mm. longis; corolla "rubra et lutea" ventricosa extus sparse minute puberula 2.5 cm. longa, tubo 5-6 mm. tantum longo supra basin constricto, fauce corollae 1 cm. lato; antherae lineares apice exsertae 1.5 cm. longae; baccae immaturae oblongae 12 mm. longae fere glabrae. San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, 1,100 meters, in mountain forest, King 3664 (herb. Field Mus. No. 752,938, type). The species is an exceptionally distinct one because of its com- bination of ventricose corolla and ternate leaves. Hamelia lutea Rohr ex Smith in Rees, Cycl. 5: 17. 1811. A slender shrub 2.5-3.5 meters high; stipules 3-4 mm. long; leaves long-petiolate, membranaceous, the blades elliptic to ovate or ovate-oblong, usually 6-15 cm. long, acuminate, nearly glabrous, barbellate beneath along the costa; cymes terminal, many-flowered; calyx lobes short, triangular-subulate; corolla 1 cm. long, glabrous; fruit oblong, 6-8 mm. long. "Juto bianco." Amazonas: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 3986. Loreto: Puerto Arturo, in forest, Williams 5159, 5179, 4974, 5013; Killip & Smith 27721. Fortaleza, Yurimaguas, edge of forest, Williams FLORA OF PERU 97 4399. Portal, Rio Huallaga, 135 meters, KUlip & Smith 29251. Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, 150 meters, dense forest, KUlip & Smith 28358. Santa Rosa, 135 meters, in forest, KUlip & Smith 28735. San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, King 2753. Juan Jui, 230 meters, King 2753. Rumizapa, near Tarapoto, Williams 6760. Tarapoto, Spruce 4231 ; Williams 6301. Rio Mayo, Tarapoto, in forest, Williams 6365, 6263. Widely distributed in tropical America, ranging from Bolivia northward. Hamelia patens Jacq. Enum. PL Carib. 16. 1760. H. erecta Jacq. loc. cit. H. sphaerocarpa R. & P. Fl. 2: 69. pi. 221, f. b. 1799. A shrub 1-4.5 meters high; stipules triangular, 2-4 mm. long; leaves long-petiolate, membranaceous, the blades oblong-lanceolate to ovate or broadly elliptic, mostly 8-14 cm. long, acute or acum- inate, acute at the base, usually copiously short-pilose beneath; sepals broadly triangular, acute, 1 mm. long or less; corolla usually orange-red, minutely puberulent, 1-1.5 cm. long; fruit oval to sub- globose, about 5-7 mm. long, red to purple or almost black. Amazonas: Chachapoyas, Mathews. Ayacucho: Aina, 750-1,000 meters, open woods, KUlip & Smith 22844, 22721. Cuzco: Valle Lares, Diehl 2501d. Huanuco: Pampayacu, Kanehira 197. Posuso, 600 meters, 4679. La Merced, edge of forest, 600 meters, 5417, 5416. Junin: Colonia Perene", 680 meters, KUlip & Smith 24966. La Merced, 700 meters, in thickets, KUlip & Smith 23814, 23785. Rio Pinedo, 800 meters, thickets, KUlip & Smith 23574. Loreto: Iquitos, edge of forest, Williams 3686, 1404, 1435; KUlip & Smith 27132. Puerto Arturo, abandoned lands, Williams 5161; in pasture, Williams 5188. Florida, King 2062, 2219. Rio Putumayo, King 1645. Santa Rosa, in forest, Williams 4785. Pebas, in forest, Williams 1775. Mishuyacu, 100 meters, in clearing, Klug 521, 671. Recreo, Yurimaguas, in forest, Williams 4159. Balsapuerto, Klug 2928. Rio Maranon Valley, 150 meters, dense forest, KUlip & Smith 29144. San Martin: Zepelacio, 1,200 meters, Klug 3302. Tarapoto, Williams 5499; Spruce 4188. Lamas, Williams 6336. Salavera, San Roque, in forest, Williams 7808. Without locality: Mathews 3135. Generally distributed in tropical America; a fre- quent weed in cut-over land or second growth. Ranging northward to Florida. "Usiya-ey" (Huitoto name). Hamelia sphaerocarpa, described from Chinchao, is maintained as a distinct species by Wernham (Journ. Bot. 49: 213. 1911), but it seems to differ only in having spherical rather than ellipsoid fruit, and is scarcely to be regarded as more than a minor variant. 98 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII 45. BOTHRIOSPORA Hook. f. Trees or shrubs with terete branchlets; stipules free, caducous; leaves opposite, petiolate; flowers small, 4-6-parted, arranged in terminal, opposite-branched panicles, short-pedicellate; calyx divided into 4-5 lobes; corolla short-funnelform or subrotate, the lobes contorted or imbricate in bud, reflexed, pubescent outside; stamens exserted; fruit baccate, subglobose, 4-5-celled; seeds numerous. Bothriospora corymbosa (Benth.) Hook. f. Icon. PI. 11: 55. pi. 1069. 1870; Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 329. pi. 139. 1889. Evosmia corymbosa Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 218. 1841. Branches slender, glabrous; stipules 1 cm. long; leaves slender- petiolate, the blades oblong-ovate, 4-9 cm. long, acutish, obtuse at the base, glabrous; panicles pedunculate, corymbiform, 4-6.5 cm. long, lax; calyx lobes oblong, obtuse; corolla white, 5-6 mm. long, the lobes obtuse; fruit yellow, 3-5 mm. in diameter. Loreto: Rio Itaya, Williams 118, 119. Rio Itaya, 100 meters, on inundated bank, Mexia 6483, 6486. Florida, dense forest, 180 meters, King 2168. Also in Amazonian Brazil and in British Guiana. "Junuisico-ey" (Huitoto name). Schumann compares the foliage to that of the pear, and the com- parison is an apt one. According to Schomburgk, who collected the original specimens in British Guiana, the wood is considered by the Indians to be poisonous, and some of them had been poisoned by using spits made from it for roasting meat over the fire. Recent collectors describe the plant as a tree of 4-8 meters, with wide- spreading branches and thick foliage, the flowers white and slightly fragrant. 46. POSOQUERIA Aubl. Shrubs or trees; stipules subulate or foliaceous, glandular within; leaves opposite, petiolate, commonly coriaceous; flowers large and showy, terminal, cymose-corymbose or umbellate, 5-parted; calyx lobate, the segments more or less auriculate at the base; corolla funnelform or salverform, curved in bud, the lobes unequal, the tube much elongate and slender, glabrous within; stamens unequal, inserted in the mouth of the corolla, the anthers linear; fruit large, baccate, 2-celled; seeds numerous, large, irregular. Corolla commonly 10-17 cm. long; leaf blades ovate-oblong to broadly ovate, short-acuminate P. latifolia. Corolla 24-27 cm. long; leaf blades oblong or narrowly oblong, long-acuminate P. longiflora. FLORA OF PERU 99 Posoqueria latifolia (Rudge) R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 227. 1819. Solena latifolia Rudge, PL Guian. 1: 26. 1806. A glabrous tree 5-15 meters high, or sometimes only a shrub; stipules triangular and 5-10 mm. long, or sometimes foliaceous and much larger; leaf blades coriaceous, 10-20 cm. long, acute to sub- cordate at the base; inflorescence corymbiform, few- or many- flowered, dense, the flowers fragrant; calyx lobes ovate-triangular, acute or subobtuse; corolla white, the lobes lance-oblong, obtuse, 1.5-2 cm. long; fruit globose, about 3 cm. in diameter. Loreto: Manfinfa, Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 1125. Rio Nanay, in forest, Williams 852. Timbuchi, Williams 998. La Victoria, Williams 2533, 2874. Mainas, Poeppig 2067. Fortaleza, Yurimaguas, edge of forest, Williams 4245. San Antonio, Killip & Smith 29472. Santa Rosa, 135 meters, Killip & Smith 28979. Mishuyacu, King 963. San Martin: Tarapoto, Wittiams 6532, 6701, 6545, 6540. Widely distributed in tropical America. The fruit is sometimes eaten, but its flavor is not attractive. The tree is an exceptionally handsome one when in blossom. Posoqueria longiflora Aubl. PI. Guian. 134. pi. 51. 1775. A tall shrub or small tree, glabrous throughout; stipules subulate, 7-9 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, 10-20 cm. long, usually acute at the base; inflorescence few-flowered and umbel-like; calyx lobes triangular-ovate, acute; corolla white, the lobes linear-lanceolate, acute or subobtuse, reflexed, 3-5 cm. long; fruit subglobose, yellow, 6-8 cm. in diameter. Loreto: Iquitos, 100 meters, Mexia 6509. Rio Masana, Williams 28, 168. Mishuyacu, 100 meters, King 1224- Yurimaguas, Poeppig 1809. San Martin: Tarapoto, in forest, Williams 6101; Spruce 4571. Also in Brazil, Colombia, and the Guianas. The flowers are pendent, as in most other species of the genus. 47. TOCOYENA Aubl. Unarmed shrubs or small trees; stipules chiefly caducous, glandu- lar within; leaves opposite, petiolate, usually herbaceous; flowers large and showy, terminal, cymose, perfect, 4-6-parted; calyx cupular, dentate, glandular within; corolla funnelform or salverform, the tube greatly elongate and slender, glabrous or pubescent in the throat, the lobes obtuse or acute, contorted; stamens sessile in the corolla throat; fruit baccate, globose or oblong, 2-celled; seeds numerous, compressed, horizontal. 100 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Leaf blades 3-7.5 cm. wide T. amazonica. Leaf blades mostly 10-16 cm. wide. Corolla lobes obtuse, 12 mm. long T. Williamsii. Corolla lobes acuminate, 25-30 mm. long or more . . . . T. foetida. Tocoyena amazonica Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 350. 1931. A shrub, the branchlets puberulent or glabrate; leaves short- petiolate, membranaceous, the blades elliptic-oblong or oblanceo- late-oblong, 11-21 cm. long, minutely puberulent beneath on the veins or glabrate; flowers fasciculate, few, pedicellate; calyx 4 mm. long, the teeth broadly triangular, acute; fruit globose, 2 cm. in diameter. Loreto: Rio Masana, Williams 21, type. Pebas, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1811. It is doubtful whether this is distinct from T. foetida, but the question can not be settled until the flowers have been collected. Tocoyena foetida P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 25. pi. 229. 1845. Posoqueria speciosa Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 137. 1907, nomen; Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 50: 104. 1908. A shrub or small tree, the branchlets appressed-pilose or glabrate; stipules 7-10 mm. long, triangular, acuminate; leaves short-petiolate, blackening when dried (as in other species), the blades oblong- lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, 20-35 cm. long or larger, acuminate, acute at the base, pubescent or glabrate beneath; inflorescence head- like, sessile, few- or many-flowered; calyx 2 mm. long, the teeth subulate; corolla ochroleucous, pubescent, the very slender tube about 18-20 cm. long; fruit ellipsoid, 4.5 cm. long or larger. Neg. 317. Loreto: La Victoria, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 2617. Pebas, in forest, Williams 1757. Iquitos, Tessmann 367 J^. Also in Amazonian Brazil and Venezuela. Tocoyena Williamsii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. S: 349. 1931. A medium-sized tree with glabrous branchlets; leaves short- petiolate, chartaceous, the blades elliptic-obovate, 15-34 cm. long, short-acuminate, cuneate-acute at the base, glabrous; inflorescence cymose, densely many-flowered, short-pedunculate, glabrous, the flowers sessile or short-pedicellate; calyx 2-2.5 mm. long, truncate; corolla tube slender, 9-9.5 cm. long; fruit globose, 7 cm. in diameter. Loreto: Iquitos, 120 meters, Williams 8097, type. San Martin: Pongo de Cainarachi, 230 meters, in forest, Klug 2750; a tree of 20 meters, the flowers golden yellow. FLORA OF PERU 101 48. SPHINGTANTHUS Benth. Shrubs or small trees, unarmed; stipules glandular within; leaves opposite, short-petiolate; flowers large, terminal, perfect, 5-6-parted, solitary or in small cymes; calyx deeply dentate; corolla salverform, the oblique lobes about equaling the tube, contorted in bud, the tube indurate at the base, more or less pubescent within; stamens inserted in the corolla throat, sessile, the anthers linear; fruit oblong or globose, 2-celled, baccate; seeds numerous, hori- zontal, compressed. Sphinctanthus maculatus Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 356. 1889. A slender shrub or small tree, 2-4.5 meters high, with glabrous branches; stipules 2-3 mm. long; leaf blades firm-membranaceous, oblong to elliptic or obovate, 10-20 cm. long, acuminate, acute or contracted at the base, glabrous above, barbellate beneath in the axils of the nerves; inflorescence cymose, few-flowered, the flowers pedicellate; hypanthium turbinate; calyx 5-6 mm. long, the lobes subulate; corolla 5-6 cm. long, white, tomentulose, the tube stout, striate, the spreading lobes rhombic, obtuse or acute; fruit orange or yellow, globose, 2-3 cm. in diameter. Neg. 314. Junin: Cahuapanas, 340 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 26729. Loreto: Mouth of Rio Santiago, Tessmann 4229. Huallaga, Yuri- maguas, in forest, Williams 4659. Puerto Arturo, in pasture, Wil- liams 5198. Yurimaguas, Williams 4730. Balsapuerto, 200 meters, Killip & Smith 28645. Also in Amazonian Brazil. 49. RANDIA L. Trees or shrubs, often armed with spines; stipules small, often subconnate; leaves opposite, sessile or petiolate; flowers small or large, perfect or unisexual, often dioecious, axillary or terminal, solitary or fasciculate; calyx lobate, dentate, or truncate; corolla funnelform or salverform, with short or elongate tube, the lobes contorted in bud ; stamens inserted in the corolla throat, the filaments short or obsolete; fruit baccate, commonly 2-celled, globose or oval; seeds numerous or few, mostly horizontal, compressed. Plants armed with spines. Corolla commonly 2-4 cm. long. Calyx lobes linear or subulate R. armata. Calyx lobes oblong-obovate, foliaceous R. calgcina. 102 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Corolla less than 1 cm. long. Leaf blades glabrous or nearly so, elliptic to obovate, mostly 2-3 cm. long R. boliviano,. Leaf blades densely or sparsely pubescent, sometimes much larger. Leaf blades orbicular or nearly so, rounded at the apex. R. rotundifolia. Leaf blades obovate, acute or acuminate R. obovata. Plants unarmed. Stipules 3 cm. long, persistent, conspicuous R. Tessmannii. Stipules small and inconspicuous, deciduous. Corolla glabrous outside, the tube 20 cm. long . . .R. Williamsii. Corolla pubescent outside. Corolla tube 17-25 cm. long R. Ruiziana. Corolla tube 2-3 cm. long. Flowers pedicellate; leaves tomentose beneath. R. aurantiaca. Flowers sessile; leaves not tomentose R. Killipii. Randia armata (Sw.) DC. Prodr. 4: 387. 1830. Mussaenda spinosa Jacq. Sel. Stirp. 70. 1763. Gardenia armata Sw. Prodr. 51. 1788. R. spinosa Karst. Fl. Columb. 2: 128. 1869, non Poir. 1811. Basanacantha spinosa Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 376. 1889. A shrub or tree 1-6 meters high, armed with stout, sharp spines 1-2.5 cm. long, the spines usually in 4's at the ends of the branch- lets; stipules 3-8 mm. long; leaves petiolate, usually membran- aceous, the blades ovate to obovate, mostly 5-10 cm. long, acute or acuminate at each end, minutely appressed-pilose beneath on the veins or glabrate; flowers dioecious, pedicellate, clustered; calyx lobes 4-9 mm. long; corolla white or cream-colored, the 5 lobes rhombic-obovate, about 1 cm. long, obtuse; fruit oval or globose, 1-2.5 cm. thick, yellowish or greenish. Ayacucho: Near Kimpitiriki, 400 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 22863. Loreto: Puerto Arturo, 200 meters, in forest, Wil- liams 5165, 5244; Killip & Smith 27904- Santa Rosa, in forest, Williams 4859; Killip & Smith 28945. Above Pongo de Manseriche, 200 meters, Mexia 6368, 6224. Soledad, Rio Itaya, 110 meters, Killip & Smith 29708. Balsapuerto, Killip & Smith 28449, 28641- FLORA OF PERU 103 Upper Maranon, 160 meters, Tessmann 4623. Yonan, Lower Huallaga, 130 meters, in forest, Tessmann 3772. Schumann reports also Poeppig 2355 from Yurimaguas. San Martin: Juan Jui, Klug 3848. Tarapoto, in forest, Williams 6700, 6556. Juan Guerra, Williams 6918. Morales, Tarapoto, Williams 5674; Spruce 4246. Rio Mayo, near Tarapoto, Spruce 4364- Widely distributed in South America; ranging northward to Mexico and the West Indies. "Espuela casha," "espino," "clavo-caspi." The shrub is abun- dant in many parts of tropical America, sometimes forming dense thickets. The flowers, although rather large, are inconspicuous, unless borne in unusual abundance. The fruit is filled with a black, slimy pulp of repulsive appearance, which nevertheless is sometimes eaten by people, although of scarcely pleasant flavor. It is much sought by birds, which extract it from a hole punctured in one side of the rind. Randia armata var. pubescens (HBK.) Standl., comb. nov. Mussaenda pubescens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 420. 1820. Basana- cantha spinosa var. pubescens Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 378. 1889. Like the species, but the leaves softly pubescent, at least beneath, or sometimes subtomentose. Junin: Colonia Perene', 600 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 25139. Loreto: Yurimaguas, in forest, Williams 4117; Killip & Smith 28001. Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto, 150 meters, in forest, Killip & Smith 28083. Distributed with the species. This probably is a form of only slight importance, and scarcely deserving of varietal rank. Randia aurantiaca Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 327. 1929. A shrub 1-4 meters high; stipules 5-7 mm. long; leaves on short, slender petioles, membranaceous, the blades oblong-elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 4-13 cm. long, short-acuminate, usually acute at the base, pilose or puberulent above, densely tomentose beneath; flowers terminal, solitary or clustered; calyx lobes linear-subulate, 4-5 mm. long; corolla orange, densely sericeous outside, the lobes ovate-oblong, long-acuminate, 2.5 cm. long. Neg. 313. Tumbes: Mountains east of Hacienda Chicama, 600 meters, Weberbauer 7665, type. Also in Ecuador. Randia boliviana Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 368. 1907. A spiny shrub 2 meters high, or sometimes a tree of 6 meters; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades mostly rounded at the 104 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII apex but sometimes even acute; flowers few, perfect, inconspicuous; corolla white, glabrous outside, 8 mm. long; fruit globose, 1.5 cm. in diameter. Cajamarca: Montana de Nancho, 2,300 meters, Raimondi 7638. Cuzco: Without definite locality, Gay. Also in Bolivia. Randia calycina Cham. Linnaea 9: 246. 1834. Basanacantha calycina Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 375. 1889. A spiny shrub; stipules 4-5 mm. long; leaves petiolate, mem- branaceous, the blades obovate-oblong to elliptic, nearly glabrous; flowers dioecious, cymose, terminal, short-pedicellate; calyx lobes green, 8-12 mm. long; corolla white, glabrous outside, 2-3 cm. long. Neg. 332. Junin: La Merced, 1,000 meters, Weberbauer 1946. Also in Ecuador and Brazil. Closely related to R. armata, and perhaps better treated as a variety of that species. Randia Killipii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 170. 1930. An unarmed shrub or tree 2.5-9 meters high; stipules ovate- triangular or lance- triangular, 5-10 mm. long; leaves membran- aceous, slender-petiolate, the blades elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 11-14 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, acute or obtuse at the base, puberulent or pilosulous beneath or glabrate; staminate flowers capitate; calyx truncate, 1.5 mm. long; corolla white, puberu- lent or hirtellous, the tube 3 cm. long, the lobes lance-oblong, 3.5 cm. long, acuminate; fruit globose, 2.5 cm. in diameter. Junin: Enenas, 1,600-1,900 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 25643. Loreto: San Antonio, Rio Itaya, dense forest, 110 meters, Killip & Smith 29495, type; Williams 3508. Soledad, Rio Itaya, Killip & Smith 29730, 29716. Paraiso, Alto Itaya, in forest, Wil- liams 3372. Also in Colombia. Randia obovata R. & P. Fl. 2: 68. 1799. R. pubescens R. & P. Fl. 2: pi. 220, f. b. 1799. Gardenia obovata Dietr. Vollst. Lex. Nachtr. 3: 441. 1821. A straggling shrub, armed with short or elongate, straight spines; leaves short-petiolate, membranaceous, mostly 3-10 cm. long, acute or attenuate at the base, densely pubescent beneath or in age gla- brate; flowers perfect, axillary or lateral, solitary, sessile; corolla white or greenish yellow, 5-6 mm. long; fruit globose, yellowish, 1.5 cm. in diameter. Neg. 324. FLORA OF PERU 105 Huanuco: Described from Muna, Posuso, and Chinchao, Ruiz & Pawn. Vilcabamba, 1,800 meters, forest slope, 5162. Muna, 2,100 meters, dense forest, 4016. Junin: Vitoc, in 1790, Tafalla (photo, and fragm. ex hb. Berol.). Also in Argentina. The specific name pubescens, which was used by De Candolle in the Prodromus, appears only on the plate, doubtless as a result of oversight on the part of the authors. Randia rotundifolia R. & P. Fl. 2: 68. 1799. A shrub with stout branches, armed with stiff, straight spines; leaf blades thin, mostly orbicular or obovate-rounded and 1-2 cm. long, rounded at the apex, obtuse to cuneate at the base, densely pubescent on both surfaces, or glabrate in age; flowers perfect, terminal, solitary, sessile; corolla small, white; fruit "as large as a filbert," yellowish, the pulp black. "Millucassa." Neg. 325. Junin: Type from Huasahuasi, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo, of authen- tic specimen seen, ex hb. Berol.). Below Palca, 2,600 meters, on rocks, Weberbauer 1757. Randia Ruiziana DC. Prodr. 4: 388. 1830. Randia formosa (Jacq.) Schum. var. longiflora (R. & P.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 343. 1889. Gardenia longiflora R. & P. Fl. 2: 67. pi. 219, f. a. 1799. An unarmed shrub or small tree; stipules 2-4 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to oblong, acute or acuminate, acute at the base, more or less pilose beneath, membranaceous; flowers perfect, commonly solitary; corolla white, sericeous outside, the narrow lobes long-acuminate, spreading, sometimes as much as 7 cm. long, but usually shorter; fruit oblong or ellipsoid, 5-6 cm. long. Negs. 309, 311. Huanuco: Posuso and Chacahuassi, Ruiz & Pavdn (photo, ex hb. Berol.; type from Posuso). Loreto: Florida, King 2248, 2272. Pebas, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 1921. San Martin: Tarapoto, Williams 6706, 6551; Spruce 4906. Without locality: Ruiz & Pavdn 711. Also in Brazil and the Guianas. "Jigu-ey," "umruyo" (Huitoto names). "Iscumnim," "nupchucri" (Ruiz & Pavdn); called "sucena" in Brazil. The pulp of the fruit is edible. The shrub is remarkable for the exaggerated size of its flowers, with long and slender corolla tube. 106 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII Randia Tessmannii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 327. 1929. An unarmed shrub, or sometimes a tree of 5 meters; stipules oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate, connate at the base, greenish, longer than the petioles; leaves short-petiolate, thick, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 14-20 cm. long, long-acuminate, obtuse or acute at the base, nearly glabrous; staminate flowers terminal, solitary, short-pedicellate, subtended by large, stipule-like bracts; calyx 1 cm. long, dentate; corolla white, minutely sericeous, the tube 4 cm. long, the 6-7 lobes oblong or obovate, 5-5.5 cm. long, obtuse and acuminate-apiculate; fruit globose, 3 cm. in diameter. Loreto: Rio Ucayali, Tessmann 3246, type. Mainas, Poeppig 2284- Santa Rosa, in forest, Williams 4929. Puerto Arturo, Yuri- maguas, in forest and at edge of river, Williams 5357, 5249. San Martin: Juan Jui, 400 meters, Klug 3914- Without locality: Poeppig 2284. Randia Williamsii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 169. 1930. A shrub, unarmed; stipules triangular-ovate, 7 mm. long; leaves membranaceous, short-petiolate, the blades narrowly oblong or lance-oblong, 11-23 cm. long, long-acuminate, acute at the base, glabrous; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile; calyx tube 1 cm. long, the 5 lobes filiform, 1.5 cm. long; corolla white, the slender tube glabrous outside, the lobes linear-lanceolate, 6.5 cm. long, long- attenuate; fruit oblong-oval, 5 cm. long, 2.5 cm. thick. Loreto: La Victoria, on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 2538 (type), 2531. 50. GENIPA L. Tall trees; stipules deciduous; leaves rather large, opposite, petiolate, subcoriaceous; flowers large, in terminal, few-flowered cymes, 5-6-parted; calyx tubular, truncate or shallowly lobate; corolla salverform or subrotate, the lobes contorted, coriaceous, the tube short, villous in the upper half; stamens inserted in the mouth of the tube, exserted, the anthers linear; fruit baccate, ovoid or sub- globose, 2-celled; seeds horizontal or oblique, large, compressed. Genipa americana L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 931. 1759. G. oblongi- folia R. & P. Fl. 2: 67. pi. 220, f. a. 1799. G. excelsa Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 327. 1908. A tree 8-30 meters high, glabrous almost throughout; stipules broadly triangular, 8-12 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to obovate, 10-35 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute or attenuate at FLORA OF PERU 107 the base; calyx 5-8 mm. long; corolla yellowish white, more or less sericeous, 2-4.5 cm. long; fruit brownish, 6-7.5 cm. in diameter. Junin: La Merced, 1,000 meters, Weberbauer 1901, type of G. excelsa. Loreto: Caballo-cocha on the Amazon, in forest, Williams 2147. Manfinfa, Alto Rio Nanay, Williams 1096. La Victoria, on the Amazon, Williams 2932. Lower Rio Nanay, Williams 607. Rio Itaya, Williams 142. Puerto Arturo, Yurimaguas, Williams 4998. Sapote Yacu, Santa Rosa, in pasture, Williams 4830. Mishu- yacu, Klug 690. San Martin: Pampa Hermosa, Ruiz & Pav6n (photo, of type of G. oblongifolia}. San Roque, Williams 7379. Widely distributed in tropical America. Negs. 356, 357. "Jagua," "vito," "yaku-huito," "vitu," "palo Colorado. Known in Brazil by the names "jenipapa," "jenipabo," "jenipapo." The wood is strong, resistant, and flexible. Ruiz and Pavon report that it was employed in Peru for making various utensils, and it is a favorite wood for construction purposes in many parts of tropical America. The pulp of the fruit is edible, but not remarkably palatable. Its dark juice leaves an indelible stain upon every object that it touches. It formerly was much used by the aborigines for painting their bodies, yielding a dark blue or black color, and doubtless it still is employed in the same manner by the uncivilized Indians of the forests along the eastern slopes of the Andes. So far as I am able to determine, neither Genipa oblongifolia nor G. excelsa differ in any respect from the typical form of G. americana. GenipaCaruto, of northern South America, with soft-pubescent leaves, is perhaps best regarded as a distinct species, although it differs little from G. americana except in its copious pubescence. 51. GARDENIA Ellis Shrubs or small trees, usually unarmed; stipules acute or acu- minate, triangular; leaves commonly opposite; flowers large, axillary and solitary or rarely terminal or corymbose; calyx tubular, spatha- ceous, or parted; corolla salverform or funnelform, with elongate tube, usually glabrous in the throat, the lobes 5-9; stamens inserted in the corolla throat, the anthers sessile or subsessile; ovary com- monly 1-celled; fruit usually fleshy, baccate, the seeds numerous, horizontal. Gardenia augusta (L.) Men*. Interp. Herb. Amboin. 485. 1917. Varneria augusta L. Amoen. 4: 136. 1759. G. jasminoides Ellis, Phil. Trans. 51, pt. 2: 935. 1761. G. florida L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 305. 1762. 108 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII A stout, densely branched shrub, the branchlets scaberulous- puberulent; stipules 1 cm. long; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, the blades obovate or oblong-obovate, 4-7.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute, narrowed to the base, almost glabrous; flowers white, large and showy, commonly double in the cultivated forms; calyx lobes foliaceous, triangular-lanceolate, 2-2.5 cm. long. Loreto (cultivated): Paraiso, Alto Rio Itaya, Williams 3237. Near Iquitos, Williams 1509. Native of southern China. "Jazmin," "jazmin de cabo." The plant is cultivated generally in tropical regions for its handsome flowers. 52. DUROIA L. f. Shrubs or trees, unarmed, with thick branchlets; stipules usually united and forming a cap at first, but soon circumscissile or other- wise deciduous; leaves opposite or verticillate, petiolate, chiefly coriaceous; inflorescence terminal; flowers dioecious, usually 6-parted, the staminate clustered or in cymes; calyx cupular or tubular, truncate or lobate; corolla salverform, the lobes contorted in bud; anthers sessile or subsessile at the middle of the corolla tube; pistil- late flowers solitary or clustered, terminal; ovary usually 1-celled; fruit large, baccate; seeds rounded-trigonous, compressed, with fibrous-reticulate testa. Young branches with large, hollow swellings. Leaves and fruit densely hirsute D. hirsuta. Young branches slender, not swollen. Leaves glabrous or nearly so, not hirsute D. longifolia. Leaves copiously hirsute on one or both surfaces. Leaf blades narrowly oblong or oblanceolate-oblong. D. stenophylla. Leaf blades elliptic D. trichocarpa. Duroia hirsuta (P. & E.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 367. 1889. Amaioua hirsuta P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 25. pi. 230. 1845. A shrub or small tree 3-5 meters high, copiously hirsute through- out; lowest node of each branchlet elongate and fusiform, the upper ones abbreviated; stipules triangular-subulate; leaves short-petio- late, the blades rather thin, obovate to oblong, 10-20 cm. long, acuminate or cuspidate-acuminate, acute at the base; staminate FLORA OF PERU 109 inflorescence head-like or cymose; calyx lobes linear and elongate; corolla 2.5 cm. long, white, sericeous outside, the lobes longer than the tube; pistillate flowers solitary, cream-colored; fruit ellipsoid, 2-celled, long-hirsute, about 3 cm. long. Loreto: Forests of Rio Nanay, Williams 759. San Antonio, Rio Itaya, Williams 3501 . Santa Rosa, in forest, 135 meters, Killip & Smith 28947. Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 meters, Klug 372. Mouth of Rio Santiago, upper Maranon, Tessmann 4601. Soledad, Rio Itaya, 110 meters, dense forest, Killip & Smith 29817. Florida, 180 meters, Klug 2289. Without locality: Poeppig 2823. Also in Amazonian Brazil and in Colombia. "Supai-quinilla," "sacha-runa-caspi," "supai-caspi," "palo del diablo." The large, inflated nodes of the branches are inhabited by ants. Duroia longifolia (P. & E.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6, pt. 6: 365. 1889. Amaioua longifolia P. & E. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 26. 1845. A shrub or small tree, the branchlets ferruginous-strigose or glabrate; stipules as much as 3.5 cm. long, lanceolate, acute; leaves short-petiolate, the blades narrowly oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, 10-25 cm. long, acuminate, acute or attenuate at the base, more or less strigose or almost glabrous; staminate inflorescence cymose; calyx lobes linear-subulate; corolla white, about 22 mm. long; pistillate flowers solitary, pedicellate; fruit globose, glabrous, 2 cm. in diameter. Neg. 336. Loreto: Forest of Paraiso, Alto Rio Itaya, Williams 3373. Rio Masana, Williams 162, 30. Also along the upper Amazon in Brazil. The vernacular name "gurupea" is reported from Brazil. Duroia stenophylla Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 353. 1931. A shrub 2 meters high, the branchlets densely fulvous-hirsute; stipules oblong, 2-3 cm. long, obtuse; leaves short-petiolate, opposite, the blades about 17 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide, caudate-acuminate; staminate inflorescence cymose, pedunculate, rather few-flowered, the flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes linear-subulate, 8 mm. long; corolla sericeous outside, greenish white, the tube 13 mm. long, the linear lobes 23 mm. long. Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, in forest, Klug 699, type. Duroia trichocarpa Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 353. 1931. A medium-sized tree, the branchlets densely hirsute; leaves opposite, the blades 14-26 cm. long, 7-16 cm. wide, acute and cau- 110 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. XIII date-acuminate, hirsute or glabrate above, sparsely hirsute beneath ; pistillate flowers densely fasciculate, sessile or subsessile; calyx densely rusty-hirsute, the lobes linear; fruit obovoid-globose, 3 cm. long, densely brown-hirsute. Loreto: San Antonio, Alto Rio Itaya, in forest, Williams 3470, type. 53. AMAIOUA Aubl. Unarmed shrubs or small trees; stipules connate, becoming cleft on one side or irregularly ruptured, finally circumscissile at the base; leaves more or less coriaceous, petiolate, opposite, or ternate; flowers usually 6-parted, dioecious; calyx tubular, the teeth short or elongate; corolla salverform, the lobes equaling or shorter than the tube, oblique, contorted in bud, sericeous outside, the tube con- stricted at the throat, pubescent within near the base; stamens inserted in the lower part of the tube, the anthers linear, dorsifixed below the middle; fruit baccate, 2-celled; seeds numerous, horizontal, rounded-trigonous. Young branches with short, spreading hairs, becoming glabrate; corolla 4-5 cm. long A. urophylla. Young branches sericeous; corolla usually 1.5-2 cm. long. Lobes of the staminate corolla equaling the tube; leaf blades mostly oblong to oblong-lanceolate A. guianensis. Lobes of the staminate corolla much shorter than the tube; leaf blades usually broadly elliptic A. corymbosa. Amaioua corymbosa HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 419. pi 294. 1819. (?)A. peruviana Desf . .M